近代西北地区租佃问题初探——基于卜凯原始农户数据的分析-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Tenancy Issues in Northwest China in Modern Time——Based on Buck’s Original Household Data

Author(s):: YU Min-jie HU Hao; College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095

摘要:: 基于首次整理成功的卜凯第二次农村社会调查原始农户数据资料，本文在印证近代西北地区租佃经济整体落后的基础上，从佃农租佃原因入手分类探讨佃农租佃问题。研究表明，纯佃农与小型半自耕农租佃源自人地矛盾，是“维系生存型”租佃，租佃面积有限，以家庭劳动力为主并强烈依赖农外就业维持生存；大型半自耕农因某些作物种植对土质的特定要求而租佃，是“改善生活型”租佃，需不同程度依赖雇佣劳动力，对农外就业依赖程度较轻。从租佃制度来说，西北地区分租制整体占优，但各地普及程度与佃农数量成正比，受生产责任、谈判能力、抗风险与地租敏感度以及生存压力与作物品种影响，两类佃农的租佃制度与地租负担存在差异。

Abstract:: Based on Buck’s second original household data which has been sorted out for the first time, this paper confirmed the poorly developed tenancy economies in Northwest China in modern time, and focused on the tenancy issues from the aspect of the causes of land renting. It can be concluded that , the tenancy for pure tenants and small semi-owner peasants, which was a tenancy for survive, resulted from the sharp contradiction between land and population, therefore, the tenancy area was limited and the household mainly relied on family labor and off-farm employment played an very important role for their survival. In contrast, because of special requirements of some certain crops, large semi-owner peasants rented-in land to "improve living conditions", who relied on hired labor in different extent and the effect of off-farm employment was small. As for tenancy system, share tenancy whose popularity was in proportion to the numbers of tenant peasants, predominated in Northwest China, meanwhile, due to different production responsibility, negotiation ability, anti-risk capabilities and rent rate sensitivity, survival pressure and crop varieties as well, the tenancy system and land rent were different in these two kinds of tenant peasants.