明清时期夏盖湖的垦废变迁及其原因分析-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Analysis on the Cause of the Use and Re-use of the XiaGai Lake during the Ming and Qing Dynasty Periods

Author(s):: YIN Ling-ling WANG Wei; College of Humanities and Communications, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234

Keywords:: XiaGai lake; the evolution of the lake; hydraulic cultivation; farm around lake

摘要:: 夏盖湖作为宁绍平原上曾经的超大型水利灌溉工程，在以往研究的基础上有进一步深入的可能。在经历了宋元时期频繁的废、复变迁后，夏盖湖明清时期的演变已明显不同，开始进入被快速垦占的阶段。明代前中期尚相对稳定，嘉靖、隆庆年间出现小规模垦占，万历以后垦占稍显加速。清代夏盖湖全湖被逐步垦废，先是潮侵导致康熙、雍正年间湖泊的大规模湮废，被垦占与升科，乾隆初年曾停止围垦，乾隆中后期复又大规模陆续垦废，嘉庆初年湖存约二十里，约当最初湖域的五分之一，至光绪中叶，已全湖消亡，仅残存小穴等水域。夏盖湖宋元与明清时期演变特点的迥异，在于其前后两个阶段控制性因子的不同，前者主为自然因素，后者则主为人文因素。

Abstract:: As XiaGai lake was one of the largest irrigation and drainage projects on the NingShao plains, there is a chance for deeper research. After the regular use and reuse during the Song and Yuan dynasty periods, the changes of the XiaGai Lake during the Ming and Qing dynasty periods are obviously different, stepping in to the stage of fast cultivation. During the semi-early period of Ming dynasty, during the JiaJing and the LongQing Years small scale cultivation occurred, after the year of WanLi the cultivation process picked up speed. During the Qing dynasty the whole lake was gradually abandoned, first the flood caused mass issues, being cultivated and promoted, the cultivation was banned during the first year of QianLong, and then during the semi-late QianLong year there was other many events of re-cultivation, the lake has a storage of 20 leagues in the year of JiaQing, one fifth of the original lake mass, until in the middle of GuangXu periods, the whole lake dried out, leaving only XiaoXue behind. The dramatic changes of the lake during the years Song and Yuan and years Ming and Qing, is that the control factors of the two stages are different, one is natural and another is human.