历史时期油料作物的传播与嬗替-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: HAN Mao-li; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences，Peking University，Beijing 100871

摘要:: 中国油料作物传播与嬗替经历三个阶段：第一个阶段西汉中期芝麻传入，在南北方均成为主流油料作物；第二阶段自元代越冬型油菜传入，逐渐在南方取代了芝麻的地位，形成北方芝麻、南方油菜的分布形势；第三个阶段自19世纪、20世纪初西方榨油机传入，大豆、花生等大籽粒果实进入主流油料作物的同时，在北方进一步占据芝麻的种植空间。油料作物经历三次传播与嬗替在完成自身更新的同时，也与其他农作物轮作影响农业地理的基本格局。

Abstract:: This paper puts forward the three stages of oil crops’ spread and evolution in China. The first stage started from the Middle Western Han Dynasty when sesame was introduced into China and became main source of oil in both northern and southern China. The second stage began from the introduction of wintering rape in Yuan Dynasty. This kind of rape replaced sesame in the south and formed a new distribution pattern of oil corps that sesame still kept its place in the north while rape became the main source of oil in the south. The third stage welcomed its time when the oil press came into China from western world in 19th and early 20th century. Oil seeds such as soybean and peanut were regarded as main oil crops and largely squeezed the planting spaces of sesame in the north. Oil crop completed its evolution after these three stages. Meanwhile, accompanied with other crop rotations, these oil crops influenced the basic pattern of agricultural geography.