乾隆帝以工代赈思想内容述论-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: A Discussion on the Content of the Idea of “Offering People Jobs Instead of Doling out Reliefs” by Emperor Qianlong

Author(s):: YU Lin-yuan1 WANG Si-ming2; (1.College of Political Science, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095;2.College of Humanities, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 )

Keywords:: “offering people jobs instead of doling out reliefs”; thoughts; Qianlong Emperor

摘要:: 乾隆的工赈思想主要体现为:组织管理上注重制度建设并将原则性与灵活性相结合；工程类型上先以城垣后以水利为主体；实施频度和资金投入等方面视地域而为；国家是工赈项目唯一的投资主体。上述思想一方面是对传统的工赈思想理论的继承，更重要的是直接来源和服务于乾隆拯灾恤困的实践并臻于成熟，从一个层面体现了他重视灾荒的防抗救，折射出一代明君以民为本的执政理念和囊漏贮中、持盈保泰的政治经济思想。探讨研究相关问题，有助于我们把握乾隆全部思想体系的脉络，为现今的灾荒应对提供有益借鉴。

Abstract:: The idea of “offering people jobs instead of doling out reliefs” by Emperor Qianlong mainly reflected in the following aspects: in organization management, focusing on institutional construction, and combining principles with flexibility; in project type, first focusing on city walls and then hydraulic projects; the frequency of implementation and amount of investment varying in different regions; the state was the only investor of work relief projects. All ideas above were inherited from the traditional thoughts of work relief, but more importantly, these thoughts derived from and served Qianlong Emperor’s practices of disaster relief and poverty alleviation, and gradually reached maturity. It showed the emperor’s attentions to disaster prevention，resistance and relief, which reflected his people-oriented ruling ideology, and the political and economic thoughts of preserving gains and maintain stability as a judicious emperor. Through study related issues, it would help us to grasp the context of Qianlong Emperor’s whole ideological system, so as to provide valuable references for today’s response to natural disasters.