[1]张彦虎.13世纪西域绿洲农业经济的新发展、成就与成因——基于非平衡生态理论的视角[J].中国农史,2017,36(06):52-62.
　ZHANG Yan-hu.The Reason and New Development Achievement of Western Oasis Agricultural Economy during the 13th Century——Based on the theory of Non-equilibrium Ecology[J].SAMSON,2017,36(06):52-62.
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13世纪西域绿洲农业经济的新发展、成就与成因
——基于非平衡生态理论的视角
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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

Title:: The Reason and New Development Achievement of Western Oasis Agricultural Economy during the 13th Century
——Based on the theory of Non-equilibrium Ecology

Author(s):: ZHANG Yan-hu; （XPCC Stationing Cultivation Research Center, Shihezi University，Shihezi 832003）

Keywords:: the 13th Century; Western region; oasis agricultural economy; development

摘要:: 13世纪，西域绿洲农业经济虽然历经战乱掠夺等多重破坏，发展一度严重受挫，但却很快即取得了奇迹般的迅速恢复和新的发展。而且在农业产出、耕地面积、作物品种和农技水平等方面取得了显著成就，甚至达到了新的历史高度。对此，本文在论述总结这一时期西域绿洲农业经济的新发展及成就的基础上，运用国际新兴的非平衡生态理论视角方法，探讨揭示了推动其迅速发展和取得重要成就的深层成因，即13世纪西域农业的新发展得益于中世纪暖期气候对当地生态限制因子（水热资源）的突破，最大程度满足了西域绿洲农业发展的水热需求。同时，它也促成了草原非平衡生态系统的改善和稳定，保障了游牧经济的发展繁荣，从而在一定时期内减少了对绿洲农业经济的侵扰索取等不利影响。总之，正是在上述有利因素的作用下，13世纪的西域绿洲农业经济取得了辉煌但短暂的发展成就。

Abstract:: Although Western oasis agricultural economy devastated after war destruction, the development was once frustrated, under the influence of favorable factors, still achieved a new historical development and a series of important achievements in the 13th century. In agricultural output, crop species, varieties and technology, etc. have made unprecedented achievements. On the basis of summarizing the new development and achievements of the agricultural economy of the western oasis in this period, this paper explores the deep causes of the rapid development and the important achievements of the international emerging non-equilibrium ecological theory perspective. It had benefited from the breakthrough of the local ecological limit factors ( water heat resources ) of the Middle Warm Ages, which met the water and heat demand of the oasis agriculture in the western region to the greatest extent. At the same time, it also contributed to the improvement and stability of the grassland non-balanced ecosystem, to ensure the development and prosperity of the nomadic economy, which in a certain period of time to reduce the oasis of agricultural economic damage effects. In short, it is in the above favorable factors, the 13th century Western oasis agriculture has made brilliant but short-term development achievements.

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备注/Memo:: [收稿日期] 2017-06-27
[基金项目] 国家社科基金青年项目“13至18世纪西域经济发展研究”（14CJL006）
[作者简介] 张彦虎（1981- ），男，石河子大学兵团屯垦戍边研究中心副教授、硕士生导师，研究方向为农业经济史、环境史。

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01