清初四川招民垦荒与“啯噜”的形成-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Recruiting People to Cultivate Land in Sichuan in the Early Qing and the Emerging of "Guolu" （啯噜）

Author(s):: CHEN Peng-fei; （Department of History, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275）

Keywords:: recruitment of people to reclaim land; system of servitude; land resettlement; "Guolu"（啯噜）

摘要:: 清初四川在实行招民垦荒时，产生了一批被称作“啯噜”的人群。这类人群的形成，主要由于当地官员对政绩和税收的追求，使得原本为招徕移民所制定的优惠政策失去效用，相当一部分入川开垦的外来移民因赋役负担沉重以及地权不稳等原因或无法入籍定居，或对入籍持观望态度，逐渐演变为当地乱象，并被赋予了“啯噜”这一身份标签。以往的学者多从游民组织与秘密会社的角度或从地方社会治理的角度探讨“啯噜”问题，文章在以往研究的基础上，重新评估了清初四川招民垦荒政策及其存在的问题，进一步探讨清初“啯噜”形成的实质原因及其社会影响。

Abstract:: In the early Qing, when the Sichuan Province was recruiting people to settle in the country, a group of people called the "Guolu" （啯噜）came into being. The formation of this kind of people, mainly due to the local officials for the pursuit of political performance and taxation, made the original immigration to recruit people to settle in Sichuan.The preferential policies have become ineffective, and a considerable number of migrants who have entered Sichuan to cultivate land may not be able to do so because of the heavy burden of servitude and insecure land rights. Naturalization and settlement, or the prospect of naturalization, gradually became a local phenomenon, and was given the name "Guolu"（啯噜） as the Identity Labels. Previous scholars have discussed the issue of "Guolu" （啯噜）from the perspective of vagrant organizations and secret societies, or from the perspective of local social governance. On the basis of previous studies, we re-evaluate the policy of reclaiming land in early Qing Sichuan and its problems, and further explore the formation of "Guolu" （啯噜）in the early Qing dynasty. Substantive causes and their social implications.