耒耜为耕礼制先声：商代籍田礼研究-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Plough for Farming Preliminary Stage of Ritual: A study of Jitian Ritual in Shang Dynasty

Author(s):: LI Xue-shan LU Yi-jing; （School of History and Culture, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007）

摘要:: 田礼是殷商时期已经初步形成的重要礼制之一。从卜辞记载看，商代籍田礼有礼前、礼中、礼后一整套相对完备的行礼程序，参加籍田礼的一般由商王、贵族和众人组成；商代每年夏历三四月前后在王畿和诸侯、方国内举行籍田礼，与周代籍田礼的行礼时间与地点基本一致。因此，商代的籍不仅指耕作而言，更是在籍田的基础之上演化形成了籍田礼，这也是殷人敬天地重鬼神宗教思想的反映。研究表明，商周两代的籍田礼有明确的嬗变关系。

Abstract:: Jitian ritual was one of the important ritual systems that were initially formed in the Yin-Shang period. According to the oracle records, the Jitian ritual in the Shang Dynasty was a relatively complete set of saluting procedures before, during and after the ritual. The participants in the Jitian ritual were generally composed of the king of Shang, nobles and people.In the Shang Dynasty, Jitian ritual were held in Wangji, vassal state and“fang”states around the third and fourth month of the lunar calendar, which showed consistency in time and location with those in the Zhou Dynasty. Therefore, the Ji of the Shang Dynasty not only refers to farming, but also evolves into Jitian ritual based on Jitian., which is also a reflection of Yin people’s religious thought of respecting heaven and earth and emphasizing ghosts and gods. It is demonstrated that there is a clear evolution relationship between Jitian ritual in the Shang and Zhou dynasties.