[1]曹冬蕾 王灿 顾万发 吕厚远,等.中原仰韶文化中晚期农业组织模式初探——以郑州地区为例[J].中国农史,2022,41(03):31-43.
　CAO Dong-lei WANG Can GU Wan-fa LU Hou-yuan,,et al.Preliminary Study of the Farming Organization Pattern in the Central Plains during the Middle and the Late Yangshao Period: A Case from Zhengzhou Region[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2022,41(03):31-43.
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中原仰韶文化中晚期农业组织模式初探——以郑州地区为例()
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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
41
期数:
2022年03期
页码:
31-43
栏目:
出版日期:
2022-06-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Preliminary Study of the Farming Organization Pattern in the Central Plains during the Middle and the Late Yangshao Period: A Case from Zhengzhou Region
作者:
曹冬蕾1 王灿1 顾万发2 吕厚远3;  4;  5;  6
（1.山东大学 历史文化学院，山东 济南 250100；2.郑州市文物考古研究院，河南 郑州 450000；3.中国科学院 地质与地球物理研究所，北京 100029；4.中国科学院大学 北京 100049；5.中国科学院 地球科学研究院，北京 100029；6.中国科学院 青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心，北京 100101）
Author(s):
CAO Dong-lei1 WANG Can1 GU Wan-fa2 LU Hou-yuan3;  4;  5;  6
（1. School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan 250100; 2. Zhengzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Zhengzhou 450000; 3. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029; 4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049; 5. Institution of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029; 6. Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101）
关键词:
郑州地区; 仰韶文化; 农业; 植物考古; 社会复杂化
Keywords:
Zhengzhou region;  Yangshao culture;  agriculture;  archaeobotany;  social complexity
分类号:
S-09；K207
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
居于中原腹地的郑州地区是中华文明形成的关键区域之一，仰韶文化中晚期是该区聚落与社会组织结构稳定发展并开启文明化进程的重要时期，揭示郑州地区仰韶中晚期农业生产的基本特征对深入了解中华文明起源阶段的物质基础具有重要意义。本文通过对郑州地区10处遗址的区域性考古调查和炭化植物遗存分析，发现粟黍旱作农业是该区仰韶文化中晚期生业经济的主体，野生植物资源已属零星采集的范畴。成熟的定居农业社会已经稳固地建立起来，且不同地貌单元遗址间具有不同的生产组织方式：在平原地区，大型遗址的农业可能属于“自产自消（消费）”的运行模式，但不排除与区域内其他农业聚落进行农作物贸易交流的可能性；在台塬地区，农业生产很可能集中于中小遗址，大型遗址不会或仅有限地进行农耕，其消费的作物可能大多属于“外部供给”得来。这些有组织的农业生产以及作物流通与再分配活动，既表明大型聚落具备一定的社会动员能力，又反映区域内聚落的功能分化和交流网络的形成，为人群和聚落间等级的出现奠定了经济基础，促使仰韶中晚期郑州地区社会复杂化进程的不断发展以及中原早期国家的最终勃兴。
Abstract:
The Zhengzhou region, located in the Central Plains, is one of the key areas for the origin of Chinese civilisation. The middle and the late Yangshao period can be considered important for the stable development of settlements and social organisations, as well as the beginning of the civilisation process in this area. Unveiling the basic characteristics of agricultural production in the middle and the late Yangshao period in Zhengzhou is of great significance for understanding the economic foundation of the origin of civilisation. Based on regional archaeological investigations and analysis of carbonised plant remains at 10 sites in Zhengzhou, this study found that millet farming was the main source of subsistence in the middle and the late Yangshao era in the area, while wild plant resources have been collected sporadically. The settled agricultural society has been firmly established, with sites in different geomorphological units having diverse production plans: in the alluvial plains, agricultural production at large sites may belong to the ’self-production and self-consumption’ mode, but it does not rule out the possibility of crop trade exchanges with other agricultural settlements in the region; in the hilly lands, agricultural activity is likely to be conducted in small and medium sites, and large sites will not or only finitely involve farming, where most of the crops consumed may belong to ’external supply’. These organised agricultural production and crop circulation and redistribution activities not only reveal that large settlements have social mobilisation capabilities, but also reflect the functional differentiation and the formation of communication networks among settlements in the region, laying the foundation for the emergence of population and settlement level differentiation. These conditions promoted the continuous development of social complexity and eventual prosperity of the early state in Zhengzhou and the Central Plains during the middle and the late Yangshao period.
更新日期/Last Update: 2022-07-10