垦荒与还仓：“丁戊奇荒”后山西省善后经费的筹措与使用-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Reclaim Wasteland and Purchase Grain Return to Granary: Raising and Using the Fund for the Rehabilitation after the Ding-Wu Disaster in Shanxi Province

Author(s):: ZHANG Li; （Research Center for Chinese Social History，Shanxi University，Taiyuan 030006）

Keywords:: Ding-Wu Disaster; reclaim wasteland; purchase grain return to granary; rehabilitation; Shanxi Province

摘要:: 光绪五年夏，山西省持续数年的大旱灾情有所缓和，赈务也由赈济转为善后。与灾害中的赈济不同，善后的重心在于恢复生产、重建防灾备荒体系等长效措施。这些措施不仅耗费大，且在灾后环境下投入风险高、见效慢。因此，灾害的持续消耗之后，善后经费不仅筹措困难、来源复杂，更棘手的问题是如何稳妥有效地分配与使用。山西省在扶持垦荒和买谷还仓之间的调整与变动，体现了地方政府在善后经费使用上的谨慎态度。最终，来源稳定的部拨款使用在风险较小的买谷还仓上，而本应为善后首务的扶持垦荒，因散发风险较大，以地方筹措的赈济余款与善后款为主要来源。这种分配决定了山西灾后重建的基本格局。

Abstract:: In the summer of fifth year in Guangxu, the great drought lasted for several years was alleviated in Shanxi Province, and the famine relief work has changed from relief to rehabilitation. Unlike the relief work during the drought, the rehabilitation work focus on restore production, rebuild the disaster prevention system and other long-acting measures. These measures are not only expensive, but also high risky and low effective in the post-disaster environment. Therefore, it is not only difficult to raise funds for the aftermath of continuous consumption, but also more difficult to use and allocate them safely and effectively. The adjustment and change between reclaiming wasteland and buying grain to return to the granary in Shanxi Province, reflects the cautious attitude of local government in the use of funds for the rehabilitation. In the end, the stable central government grants are used to buy grain and return it to the granary. Because of high risky of distribution, the relief surplus and rehabilitation funds mainly raised by local governments is used for reclamation, which should have been the priority. This distribution determines the basic pattern of post disaster reconstruction in Shanxi Province.