中国农民银行农村副业贷款研究（1943

文章信息/Info

Title:: Research on Rural Sideline Loan of the Farmers’ Bank of China(1943-1947)

Author(s):: QU Shang MA Zheng; （Economics School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073）

Keywords:: the Farmers’ Bank of China; rural sideline loan; lending business; on-lending by cooperatives; low rural sideline loan interest rates

摘要:: 中国传统的个体农民往往在农业生产之外普遍经营农村副业，因此，农民在兼营副业生产的同时，融资需求方面亟待得到现代金融机构的支持。1942年四联总处实行“四行”专业化后，中国农民银行成为唯一的国家级农业金融机构，主导办理农村副业贷款的贷放业务。这一时期中国农民银行农村副业贷款的贷放业务呈现出以下四个特点：贷放金额总体呈现上升趋势，贷放类别依据市场供求和区域特色灵活调整，贷款方式以合作社转贷为主，贷款利率与民间借贷利率相比具有低利倾向。中国农民银行农村副业贷款使农村副业实现了产品增产与增值的双重成效，但也存在农村副业贷款在农贷中占比较少、贷放水平总体较低、不同农民阶层受贷悬殊、受贷地区分布不均衡的问题。

Abstract:: Chinese traditional individual farmers often operated rural sideline businesses in addition to agricultural production, therefore, farmers were in urgent need of support from modern financial institutions in terms of financing need while running sideline production. In 1942, after the "four banks" specialization was implemented in the Headquarter of Four-Joint-Banks, the Farmers’ Bank of China became the only state-level agricultural financial institution, leading the lending business of rural sideline loan. During this period, the lending business of rural sideline loan of the Farmers’ Bank of China showed the following four characteristics: the loan amount generally showed an upward trend; the loan category was flexibly adjusted according to market supply and demand and regional characteristics; the loan method was mainly on-lending by cooperatives; the loan interest rates tended to be lower than private lending interest rates. The rural sideline loan of the Farmers’ Bank of China enabled the rural sideline industry to achieve the dual effects of increasing production and value-added products. However, there were also problems such as the small proportion of rural sideline loan in agricultural loans, the overall low level of lending, the disparity in loans received by different peasant classes, and the uneven distribution of loans in regions.