嫩江流域史前农业模式的新认识——以黑龙江洪河遗址2019年度出土植物遗存为例-《中国农史》

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Title:: A New Understanding of the Prehistoric Agricultural Model in the Nenjiang River Basin: Taking the Analysis of the Plant Remains in 2019 at the Honghe Site in Heilongjiang Province as an Example

作者:: 孙永刚1 赵志军2 张伟3 杨春4 高云逸5; （1. 赤峰学院历史文化学院，内蒙古赤峰 024000；2. 中国社会科学院考古研究所，北京 100710；3. 黑龙江省文物考古研究所，黑龙江哈尔滨 150008；4. 吉林省文物考古研究所，吉林长春 130024；5. 吉林大学考古学院，吉林长春 130012）

Author(s):: SUN Yonggang1 ZHAO Zhijun2 ZHANG Wei3 YANG Chun4 GAO Yunyi5; （1. School of History and Culture, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000; 2. Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100710; 3. Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Harbin 150008; 4. Jilin Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Changchun 130024; 5. School of Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012）

摘要:: 洪河遗址的考古发掘极大地丰富了昂昂溪文化的内涵，尤其是规模宏大的连珠式环壕和大型房址的发现，更似点燃了嫩江流域文明的曙光。在2019年发掘过程中，采集的47份浮选土样可鉴定炭化种子包括粟、黍、小麦、大麻等四种农作物及禾本科、藜科、蓼科、茜草科、菱科和睡莲科等数十种非农植物。分析显示，洪河遗址昂昂溪文化以种植粟、黍为主，且黍的地位更为重要。芡实与菱角的发现，表现了史前时期洪河先民对野生植物资源的利用。至两周时期，气候趋向干冷，粟、黍为主的旱作农业有所衰减，耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄的稗子似乎成了农业经济的重要补充。本次浮选和炭化种子的鉴定、分析，为研究嫩江流域新石器时代至商周时期植物遗存利用与旱作农业发展提供了新的材料。

Abstract:: The excavation of the site greatly enriched the cultural connotation of Ang’angxi Culture, especially the discovery of large-scale beaded trenches and large-scale house sites, which lit the dawn of civilization in the Nenjiang River Basin. During the excavation in 2019, 47 flotation soil samples were collected, and the identifiable carbonized seeds were selected include four crops, such as foxtail millet, broomcorn millet, wheat and hemp, and dozens of non crops, such as Gramineae, Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae, Rubiaceae, Rhombodiaceae and Nymphaeaceae. The analysis shows that the Honghe site of Ang ’angxi Culture is mainly planted foxtail millet and broomcorn millet, and the status of broomcorn millet is more important. The discovery of Gorgon Fruit and Water Chestnut shows the utilization of wild food resources by Honghe ancestors in prehistoric times. During the Zhou Dynasty, the climate tended to be dry and cold, and the dry-farming dominated by foxtail millet and broomcorn millett declined. The cold-resistant, drought-resistant and barren-resistant barnyard grass seemed to be an important supplement to the agricultural economy. The identification and analysis of flotation and carbonized seeds provide new materials for the study of plant remains utilization and dry-farming development from Neolithic to Shang and Zhou Dynasties in Nenjiang River Basin.