[1]陈海斌.沈衍庆与清晚期江西乡村社会治理[J].中国农史,2023,42(05):111-124.
　CHEN Haibin.Shen Yanqing and Rural Social Governance in Jiangxi Province in the Late Qing Dynasty[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2023,42(05):111-124.
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沈衍庆与清晚期江西乡村社会治理()
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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
42
期数:
2023年05期
页码:
111-124
栏目:
出版日期:
2023-10-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Shen Yanqing and Rural Social Governance in Jiangxi Province in the Late Qing Dynasty
作者:
陈海斌1; 2
（1.赣南师范大学 王阳明研究中心，江西 赣州 341000；2.山西大学 中国社会史研究中心，山西 太原 030006）
Author(s):
CHEN Haibin1; 2
（1.Research Center for Wang Yangming , Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000；2.Research Center for Chinese Social History, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006）
关键词:
沈衍庆; 清晚期; 江西; 乡村治理
Keywords:
Shen Yanqing;  Late Qing Dynasty;  Jiangxi;  Rural Governance
分类号:
S-09；K216
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
沈衍庆历任江西兴国、泰和、安义及鄱阳知县，因地制宜，因俗而治，开展了广泛的乡村社会治理。沈氏清刑狱，催征赋税，推行保甲、乡约，防治盗贼，维护乡村社会治安。其任鄱阳知县期间，遭遇两次严重大水，对乡村社会造成了深重灾难。为有效应对水灾，开展社会救济，沈氏多次向朝廷请求赈济、减免赋税，发放抚恤钱粮赈济灾民，施粥施衣。同时，实施“缓征与捐输并用”“以工代赈”的方法，帮助灾民顺利渡过危机。沈氏在乡村社会的水灾救济和治理中特别注重绅耆阶层的作用，以绅耆为沟通官民的中介，并极力帮助灾民重修堤圩以恢复生产。沈氏所处之道光、咸丰年间，社会变迁剧烈，内忧外患，故其还必须应对来自外部侵袭的威胁。为保境安民，沈氏积极响应督抚号召组织兴办团练，以保甲和乡约相结合的方法训练乡勇抵御太平军，其本人也在与太平军的战斗中不幸殒身，成为地方知县当中抗击太平军的“典范”。沈衍庆在江西的乡村社会治理，不仅凸显地域性，还反映出其时清代社会存在的普遍性问题，对当今基层社会治理具有重要启示。
Abstract:
Shen Yanqing served as the magistrate of Taihe, Xingguo, Anyi and Poyang in Jiangxi province, and carried out social governance according to the practical problems when he faced.Shen Yanqing cleared the prison, urged the collection of taxes, implemented Baojia（保甲） and Xiangyue（乡约）, prevented and controlled thieves, and maintained rural social security. During his tenure as the Supervisor of the County of Poyang, he encountered two serious floods, which caused serious disasters to the rural society. In order to effectively respond to the flood and carry out social relief, Shen Yanqing had repeatedly requested the Imperial Court for relief, tax relief, pension, food relief, Congee and clothing. At the same time, the implementation of the methods of "delaying conscription and donating" and "using work as a means of relief" will help disaster victims overcome the crisis smoothly. During the Daoguang and Xianfeng years when Shen Yanqing lived, the social change was fierce, with internal and external troubles, so he had to deal with the threat from external invasion. In order to protect the environment and ensure the safety of the people, Shen actively responded to the governor’s call to organize group exercises and trained the villagers to resist the Taiping Army through a combination of Baojia and Xiangyue.He unfortunately died in the battle with the Taiping Army. As a local "parent official", Shen Yanqing upholds the concept of putting the people first, cherishes the people, and attaches great importance to safeguarding the interests of the people. Shen Yanqing’s rural social governance in Jiangxi not only highlights regional characteristics, but also reflects the universal problems that existed in Qing Dynasty society at that time, which has important implications for grassroots social governance today.
更新日期/Last Update: 2023-11-14