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清代秦巴山区的资源消耗、山区稳定与玉米扩种()

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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

Title:: Resource Consumption, Mountain Stability, and Corn Expansion in the Qinba Mountainous Area during the Qing Dynasty

Author(s):: WANG Baoning; （School of History and Culture, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358）

摘要:: 自乾隆年间开始，秦巴山区以原材料供给和初加工为主的产业体系蓬勃发展，吸引大量流民进山谋生。流民涌入加大了山区粮食供应压力，玉米随之成为重要商品粮。白莲教事件后，为维护山区社会稳定，官府采取发展资源消耗型产业的政策安置流民，这进一步强化了玉米的主粮地位。然而，嘉道年间的气候突变又与资源消耗型产业政策共同作用引发山区水土流失，冲击官府努力维持的脆弱社会秩序。在多重因素的交融中，官府最终选择以环境资源换取山区社会稳定的治理模式，玉米依然是备受关注的主要农作物。

Abstract:: Since the Qianlong period, the Qinba Mountain area had flourished with an industrial system mainly focused on raw material supply and primary processing, attracting a large number of refugees to come to the mountains for livelihood. The influx of refugees had increased the pressure on food supply in mountainous areas, and corn had became an important commodity grain. After the White Lotus Sect incident, in order to maintain social stability in mountainous areas, the government adopted a policy of developing resource consuming industries to resettle refugees, which further strengthened the main grain status of corn. However, the sudden climate change during the Jiaqing and Daoguang period, combined with resource intensive industrial policies, led to soil erosion in mountainous areas, impacting the fragile social order that the government had been striving to maintain. In the integration of multiple factors, the government ultimately chosen the governance model of exchanging environmental resources for social stability in mountainous areas, and corn remained the main crop of concern.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2024-09-10