[1]郭静云 郭立新.华南新石器时代农、猎、渔三种生活方式的形成与互动[J].中国农史,2024,43(05):25-40.
OLGA Gorodetskaya GUO Lixin.Formation and Interaction of Farming, Hunting and Fishing in South China Neolithic[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2024,43(05):25-40.
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华南新石器时代农、猎、渔三种生活方式的形成与互动(
)
《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]
- 卷:
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43
- 期数:
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2024年05期
- 页码:
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25-40
- 栏目:
-
- 出版日期:
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2024-10-28
文章信息/Info
- Title:
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Formation and Interaction of Farming, Hunting and Fishing in South China Neolithic
- 作者:
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郭静云1 郭立新2
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（1. 南京大学 全球人文研究院，江苏 苏州 215163； 2. 中山大学 历史人类学研究中心暨人类学系，广东 广州 510275）
- Author(s):
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OLGA Gorodetskaya1 GUO Lixin2
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（1. The Institute of Global Humanities, Nanjing University，Suzhou 215163；2.School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275）
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- 关键词:
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南方中国; 新石器经济; 农耕定居; 山林游猎; 滨海渔业
- Keywords:
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Southern China; Neolithic economy; agrarian settlement; mountain forests; hunting; coastal fishing
- 分类号:
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S-09；K208
- 文献标志码:
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A
- 摘要:
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长江以南和云贵高原以东区域在新石器时代共处相似的人类生态龛。该区域内不同人群和生活方式的来源，最初都源自该区域西部和西南部旧、新石器时代交界之际的猎民群体。这些原本同源的人群经过数次生活方式的选择和分岔之后，在平原、山林和海滨三种不同的环境单元内，分别形成了农耕、渔猎、滨海渔业三种类型的新石器文化。农业定居族群因生活稳定而使人口不断扩展并不断发明新技术，是新石器时代最主要的创造者和时代前进的推动者。后二者皆为小型群体且生活方式在形成后少有变化。其中山林游猎沿袭旧石器时代的古老生活方式，而海洋文化则因讨海生活风险最大而形成最晚。游猎族群在从农民那里借鉴和吸收技术成就的同时，又因其活动范围广而扮演着文化传播者的角色。通过其中介作用，华南地区同源异流的三种生活方式继续交织于分合与交错的关系网络中，虽然呈现出多样化的特色，却都拥有共同的文化背景和本底色彩。
- Abstract:
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The region south of the Yangtze River and east of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau shared similar human ecological niches during the Neolithic. The different groups of people and lifestyles in the region originated from hunter groups at the junction of the Old and Neolithic periods in the western and southwestern parts of the region. After several changes in lifestyle and bifurcations, these originally homogenous groups formed three types of Neolithic cultures: farming, fishing and hunting, and coastal fishing in three different environmental units: the plains, the forests, and the seashore. The agricultural and settled groups were the most important creators and promoters of the Neolithic era because of the stability of their lives, the continuous expansion of their populations, and the constant invention of new technologies. The latter two were small groups with few changes in lifestyle after their formation. Among them, hunting and hunting in the mountains and forests followed the ancient lifestyle of the Paleolithic, while the maritime culture formed last due to it being connected to the most risky lifestyle. While borrowing and absorbing technological achievements from the farmers, the nomadic hunting groups also played the role of cultural transmitters due to their wide range of activities. Through their intermediary role, the three lifestyles of the same origin and different streams in South China continued to be intertwined in a network of divergent and intertwined relationships, which, although presenting diverse characteristics, all shared a common cultural background.
更新日期/Last Update:
2024-11-21