古冢耕影：宋辽金墓葬中的农耕图像及其象征意义-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Image of Farming in Ancient Graves: the Causes and Symbolic Meaning of Farming Images in Graves of the Song Dynasty and Liao Jin Dynasties

Author(s):: HAN Xiaofen LI Qun; （Institution of Chinese Agricultural Civilization, Nanjing Agricultural University，Nanjing 210095）

Keywords:: tombs of the Song; Liao and Jin Dynasties; agricultural images; belief culture; generating motivation; symbolic meaning

摘要:: 宋与辽金墓葬中频繁出现以“农耕”为主题的壁画或砖雕图像，按内容可分为与农业生产相关的耕作、放牧、粮食加工图以及农业生活的租佃纳贡图。农耕图像在宋辽金时代不同政权下客观存在，展现了宋、辽、金人在不同地域、民族、风俗文化之间频繁互动的交融性和一致性，表达了地域风俗、农业文化以及庇佑子孙的精神信仰。农耕图像的生成动因与思想观念、社会背景以及墓葬习俗息息相关，内容暗喻“地主”与“佃农”之间的依赖关系，其意义并非仅作为彰显财富的符号象征，还意在表达地主对农业生产的重视以及对佃农勤耕务农的期待。

Abstract:: The murals or brick carvings with the theme of "farming" frequently appeared in the tombs of the Song Dynasty and the Liao and Jin Dynasties. According to their contents, they can be divided into those related to agricultural production, such as farming, grazing, grain processing, and those of tenants and tribute payment in agricultural life. The agricultural images existed objectively under different regimes in the Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties, showing the blending and consistency of frequent interactions among people in different regions, ethnic groups, and customs and cultures of the Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties. They also expressed regional customs, agricultural culture, and spiritual beliefs in protecting the descendants. The causes of the formation of agricultural images are closely related to ideas, social background, and tomb customs. The content implies the dependence between "landlords" and "tenants". Their significance is not only as a symbol to highlight wealth, but also to express the landlords emphasis on agricultural production and the expectation of tenants to work hard in farming.