[1]姚 乐.营农济牧：论西晋典农都尉的隶属、职能及相关问题[J].中国农史,2025,(01):79-87.
　YAO Le.Supporting Pastoralism with Agriculture: On the Subordination, Functions, and Related Issues of the Western Jin Dynasty’s Diannong Duwei[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2025,(01):79-87.
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营农济牧：论西晋典农都尉的隶属、职能及相关问题()
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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
期数:
2025年01期
页码:
79-87
栏目:
出版日期:
2025-02-28

文章信息/Info

Title:
Supporting Pastoralism with Agriculture: On the Subordination, Functions, and Related Issues of the Western Jin Dynasty’s Diannong Duwei
作者:
姚 乐
（江苏省社会科学院 历史研究所，江苏 南京 210004）
Author(s):
YAO Le
（Institute of History, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, Nanjing 210004）
关键词:
西晋; 典农都尉; 太仆; 田驺; 农牧关系
Keywords:
Western Jin Dynasty;  Diannong Duwei;  Taipu;  Tianzou;  relationship between agriculture and pastoralism
分类号:
S-09；K213
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
魏末晋初朝廷已罢屯田官，而西晋太仆的官属中却依然可见名为典农都尉的农官。通过梳理比对史料，辨析今人围绕该问题提出的三种假说，可确立其中一说，并得出若干新知及推论。第一，西晋太仆下领典农都尉并非史籍误载，而是确实存在的制度，且该制度在曹魏末年就已设计或形成。第二，太仆下设农官并非魏晋特有之制，牧政部门经营农业的现象更是在多个朝代都曾出现过。第三，牧政部门营农的深层原因是官营畜牧业在饲料方面依赖种植业，其现实背景则是国家征自民间的粮草无法充分满足官营畜牧业的需求。第四，曹魏时期，官营畜牧业的饲料可依靠屯田民的生产来补充，魏末改民屯为郡县的同时，统治者在太仆之下设置典农都尉，其目的应是保障官畜特别是战马的饲料供应不受影响。第五，西晋史料中有一类名为“田驺”的人群，他们应该就是太仆系统内从事农业生产的吏卒，是典农都尉管理下的农作主体。
Abstract:
After the abolition of state farm officials, there was still an agricultural official named Diannong Duwei among the subordinate officials of Taipu in the Western Jin Dynasty. That was not an error in the historical records, but a system that really existed and had been designed or formed at the end of the Wei Dynasty. The inclusion of agricultural official among the subordinate officials of Taipu was not an institutional phenomenon unique to the Wei and Jin dynasties, and the phenomenon that the pastoral administration running agriculture had even occurred in several dynasties. The deep reason for the pastoral administration to run agriculture is that government-run animal husbandry depends on the fodder provided by agriculture, and the immediate reason is that the grain and grass collected from farmers cannot meet the needs of the government-run animal husbandry. In the Wei Dynasty, the fodder for government-run animal husbandry could be supplemented by state farms. At the same time that most state farms were converted into counties at the end of the Wei Dynasty, the imperial court added Diannong Duwei into Taipu’s official subordinates, the purpose of which should be to ensure the supply of fodder for state-owned livestock, especially warhorses. In the historical data of Western Jin Dynasty, there was a group of people called Tianzou, who were probably the farming personnel in the pastoral administration and the main force of farming under the management of Diannong Duwei.
更新日期/Last Update: 2025-03-13