17世纪英国烟草药用现象及其管制研究-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Study on the Tobacco’s Medicinal Phenomenon and Its Control in 17th Century England

Author(s):: LI Jing; （The College of History and Culture, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068）

Keywords:: obacco medicinal; medical problem; role of government; the patents

摘要:: 原产于美洲地区的烟草被殖民者带入欧洲社会后逐渐成为民众日常药用品之一。随着药用现象的普及以及部分医学者的渲染，烟草药效被愈加夸大乃至神化，甚至伦敦瘟疫期间有人将它视作净化空气和预防瘟疫的良药。许多民众因此沉溺于它。一些理性人士基于此公开质疑烟草的作用并反思烟草带来的社会问题，最后引发了一场关于烟草药用及其效力的讨论。随着药用争论的发酵，王室政府也做出了回应。刚开始王室政府积极劝导民众减少吸食，引导烟草药用。然而当烟草成为一种大众消费品之后，尤其是在其财税价值愈加突出的背景下，其治理的重心发生了偏移。尽管王室政府制定了一系列管制政策并采取了相应措施，但最终没有完成规劝之责，反而表露出将烟草垄断在王室及代理人手里，据此获取益之嫌。

Abstract:: As a native crop of America,after being brought into European society by colonists,and became one of the ordinary medicines of the European.With the spread of its medicinal phenomenon,and by many medical practitioners rendering,its role had been exaggerated and even deified,it led so many people was addicted to smoking. In this Case, Some rational man was beginning to suspect the role of tobacco and to think the social problems which it brings. In London, It had led to a debate about tobacco’s medicinal and its potency.As the debated over the medicinal use of tobacco grew, the royal government was bound to respond.At first, the royal government was keen to persuade people to reduce their smoking and encourage the medicinal use of tobacco.But when tobacco became a mass consumer product, especially in the context of the increasing fiscal value of tobacco, the focus of tobacco control has changed. Nevertheless, the royal government did not conformed to?the duty of persuading the people to reduce smoking in the end.In essence,this measures implied the purposed to monopoly the tobacco by the hands of the crown and its agents, and the purposed to get the benefits.