唐宋时期粮食年成奏报制度述论——从天圣《赋役令》宋4条不能复原为唐令说起-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: A Study on the Reporting System of Crop Yield in the Tang and Song Dynasties

Author(s):: GU Cheng-rui LIU Xin; School of History, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872

Keywords:: crop yield; reporting system; the Tang and Song Dynasties; Tiansheng Statutes

摘要:: 唐宋时期，随着经济调节职能的生长，朝廷对各地粮食生产丰歉信息需求日益迫切。宋真宗时期正式确立奏报年成制度。本文由新出《天圣令》有关年成奏报规定不能复原为唐令的讨论切入，考证唐前期无常规申报年成制度，官方多从雨量及粮价因素对一地丰歉情况作判断。至唐后期，三司巡院一度搜集年成情报，为朝廷和籴、救灾提供了参考。北宋天书封禅时对丰年景象的塑造，促就年成奏报制度形成。该制度便于官方预计市场供给情况，进行粮食调配。实践中，漕司及州县官在既定的财政体制和考课制度下出于自身利益考虑，往往提前奏报丰收。因此，官方在年成申奏之外，还开拓遣使、访闻等信息管道获知实情。

Abstract:: With the development of state’s economy function, the Court and local authorities needed information of crop yield all over the country. During the period of Emperor Song Zhenzong, a reporting system of crop yield was built. This paper holds that the analysis of crop yield regulation in Tiansheng Statutes didn’t derived from Tang Dynasty. The court of Tang Dynasty got crop information from rainfall and grain price. Xunyuan collected crop information in later Tang Dynasty, providing references for government procurement and relief. The harvest information was needed for Fengshan. This prompted the foundation of reporting system. It made the court readjust supply before the market movement. In fact, local authorities reported harvest before reaping crops in oredr to get a good mark from the central government. So the Court of Song developed more ways to get accurate information of crop yield.