秦汉时期南方天然林木的分布及人类影响-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Distribution and Anthropogenic Influence of Southern Natural Forests in the Qin and Han Dynasties

Author(s):: LUO Qi-long JIN Wen; （History Department，Nanjing Normal University，Nanjing 210097）

摘要:: 孢粉、考古及历史文献等资料显示，春秋以前，我国南方地区均处于温暖湿润的气候状态，喜暖的常绿树种分布广泛，在木本植被比例中占主要地位。春秋以后，我国南方多数地区气温有所波动，树种结构也相应发生了变化。春秋至东汉期间，云贵地区受气候变凉的影响，常绿林逐渐减少，而四川地区的常绿及落叶林则均有增长；岭南地区的常绿林一直处于主要地位，广西地区受温度降低的影响，针叶林也有所增长；长江中下游地区气候波动剧烈，常发生常绿阔叶林与针叶、阔叶林的混交林交替演变。除气候因素外，人类活动也影响着天然植被的变化。但因当时生产力的水平低下，人类影响较弱，南方广大地区的天然林木在秦汉时期得以较好地保存。

Abstract:: According to the data of sporopollen, archaeological and historical documents, south China was in a climate state of warmth and moisture and evergreen species liking warmth were widely distributed and occupied a main position in the proportion of woody vegetation before the Spring and Autumn Period. After the Spring and Autumn Period, air temperature in most areas of south China fluctuated to some extent and the structure of tree species also changed accordingly. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Eastern Han Dynasty, the number of evergreen forests gradually decreased in Yunnan and Guizhou regions under the influence of cool climate, but the number of evergreen and deciduous forests in Sichuan increased to a certain degree. Evergreen forests in Lingnan area had been holding a main position and the number of coniferous forests in the Guangxi region also saw a slight increase due to a reduction in temperature. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the climate fluctuated wildly and mixed forest including evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest alternated usually. In addition to climatic factors, human activities also had an influence on the change of natural vegetation. However, natural forests in most south regions were well preserved in the Qin and Han dynasties due to the low level of productivity and weak human influence at that time.

备注/Memo:: [收稿日期] 2017-03-08
[基金项目] 江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目“秦汉时期的林业及相关问题研究”（KYLX16_1250）; 2017年度重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究项目“长江流域出土简牍所见秦代县级行政研究”（17SKJ028）
[作者简介] 罗启龙（1988- ），男，南京师范大学历史系博士研究生，研究方向为秦汉史；晋文（1958- ），男，历史学博士，南京师范大学历史系教授、博士生导师，研究方向为秦汉史。