水环境与兴化圩-垛农田格局的发展（16-20世纪上半叶）-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Development of the Pattern of Weitian and Duotian in Xinghua Region Under the Circumstances of Water Environment Change (From the 16th Century to the First Half?of the 20th Century)

Author(s):: YUAN Hui WANG Jian-ge; （Historical Geography Research Center, Fudan University，Shanghai 200433）

Keywords:: Xinghua region; duotian; weitian; water environment; microtopography

摘要:: 圩田是水田，垛田是水中旱田。明代后期以来，在黄河夺淮、水流南泛的环境背景下，位于里下河腹地的兴化发展出圩、垛并存的农田土地利用格局。兴化湖泊在接受黄、淮泥沙淤积后形成的细碎河网和滩涂，是圩田、垛田形成的基础。河网分化程度的不同，导致圩田、垛田在空间分布上的差异。在抵御自然灾害和罱泥施肥的诉求中，人们堆叠河泥，抬高圩岸和垛田田身，塑造出高低错落的农田微地貌。河泥丰富程度和堆叠的差异，加剧了农田地势的分化。在多样的农田微地貌上，人们发展出丰富的作物种植体系。垛田与圩田是人类应对水环境、改造地表的智慧结晶，厘清兴化圩—垛农田格局的形成和历史演变，对保护农业文化遗产、建设田园一体化乡村有积极的现实意义。

Abstract:: Weitian is paddy field. Duotian is upland field. Since later Ming Dynasty,coexistence of weitian and duotian has developed in Xinghua in the Hinterland of Lixiahe Region. Rivers and lakes in Xinghua have been silted up，bringing about appearance of broken water body and sedimentation, which formed the base of the development of weitian and duotian. Broken river network with diffirent sedimentation led to difference of spatial distribution between duotian and weitian. In order to resist flood and fertilize soil，people chose to stack river mud and raise the surface of cropland，shaping micro-landform with different height. Difference in amount and accumulation of river mud aggravated difference of height among cropland，increasing variety in cropland micro-landform and developing varied crop planting. Weitian and duotian are people’s wisdom crystallization in the process of dealing with water environment change and shaping surface. Clarifying historical evolution of cropland micro-landform has realistic meaning in protecting traditional agricultural heritage and constructing countryside.