清至民国沅江流域油桐业拓展与本土知识关联性研究-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Study on the Relationship between Tung Oil Industry Development and Local Knowledge in Yuanjiang Basin from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

Author(s):: MA Guo-jun; （College of History and Ethnic Culture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025）

Keywords:: Yuanjiang River Basin; tung oil industry; local knowledge; forestry culture heritage

摘要:: 沅江属长江南部支流，流域面积广阔，范围涉及今湘鄂渝黔毗连地带。历史上该流域为常绿落叶阔叶林带，樟科类珍稀树种繁多。有明以降，随着“大木”采办和“改土归流”的推行，在政府林业经济政策推动下，当地各族居民经营的原始常绿林逐渐被杉木、油桐等为主的人工营林代替。油桐系清至民国沅江流域经济营林重要树种之一，流域内各族居民在经营油桐业过程中形成了一整套选种、保种、整地、育苗、管护等本土知识。这样的知识系我国重要的林业文化遗产，曾有力推进了沅江流域人工营林的规模拓展和山地林业经济的发展，故深入其研究，对于推进我国生态文明建设有着积极意义。

Abstract:: Yuanjiang River is a tributary of the southern part of the Yangtze River, covering the adjacent area of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces with its numerous tributaries. In history, the river basin was evergreen broad-leaved forest zone, with various rare trees of Lauraceae. Since the Ming Dynasty, the activity of royal timbers purchase and bureaucratization of native officers has continued. Under the impetus of the government forestry economic policy, the original evergreen broad-leaved forest, which is managed by the local ethnic groups, was gradually replaced by the artificial forest of China fir and tung oil tree. The tung oil tree is one of the important tree species of artificial forest in the Yuanjiang River basin during the Republic of China. In the process of managing tung oil tree, people of ethnic groups in the basin have formed a complete set of local knowledge, such as seed selection, seed preservation, land consolidation, seed raising and management. Such knowledge is an important forestry cultural heritage in China, which has greatly promoted the expansion of artificial forest in Yuanjiang River basin and the development of mountain forestry economy. Therefore, further studies should have a positive significance to promote the construction of ecological civilization in China.