[1]郜媛媛.西南地区先秦时期麦类作物的发现与研究[J].中国农史,2023,42(02):62-72.
　GAO Yuan-yuan.Discovery and Study on Wheat and Barley Utilization in Southwest China during Pre-Qin Period[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2023,42(02):62-72.
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西南地区先秦时期麦类作物的发现与研究()
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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
42
期数:
2023年02期
页码:
62-72
栏目:
出版日期:
2023-04-29

文章信息/Info

Title:
Discovery and Study on Wheat and Barley Utilization in Southwest China during Pre-Qin Period
作者:
郜媛媛
（西南民族大学 旅游与历史文化学院，四川 成都 610041）
Author(s):
GAO Yuan-yuan
（School of Tourism, History and Culture, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041）
关键词:
西南地区; 麦类作物; 先秦时期; 农业
Keywords:
Southwest China;  wheat and barley;  Pre-Qin period;  agriculture
分类号:
S-09；K207
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
麦类作物大约在商代前后传入西南地区，从考古材料来看，西南地区麦类作物出现的年代呈现显著的西早东晚、北早南晚特征。本研究在系统梳理西南地区先秦时期麦类作物发现的基础上，结合周边地区发现的材料，对西南地区麦类作物的来源路径进行探索。麦类作物的传播路径可能存在北线与西线两条不同的通道：北线沿着粟类作物传播的路径率先传入甘青地区后，继续向南传播至川西地区，并一路南下传播至云贵高原；西线则自青藏高原南北两端向东传播。在麦类作物传入西南地区后，区域内平原和山地居民对于外来作物冲击的回应差异较大。平原地区的农业体系相对成熟、保守且稳定，不容易受到外来作物的冲击，因而麦类作物始终只占据全部农作物的极小份额。但山地则不同，山地作物系统倾向于多样化，且比较容易受到新物种的影响，作物体系转变较快，这在大麦的传播上体现得尤为显著。在西南山地地区，麦类作物传入以后，很快被当地居民接受，原有的作物体系被打破，部分遗址甚至转而经营以麦类作物为主的农业。
Abstract:
The wheat and barley were introduced into southwest China during the Shang Dynasty. As can be seen from the archaeological evidence, the chronology of wheat and barley remains in southwest China shows an obvious tendency that west and north region is earlier than east and south region. By integrating the archaeobotanical materials in southwest China and the surrounding areas, we explore the two candidate transmission routes of the wheat and barley. The north route, supported by the original millet-based agriculture translocation and related cultural features, postulates that wheat and barley came in from Gansu and Qinghai. While the west route, supported by archaeological evidence, suggest the route might have been from the north and south edge of the Tibetan plateau. In addition, after translocated into southwest China, wheat and barley experienced totally different attitude by the local residents. People in the plain areas tend to have a stable agricultural system, which is not readily impacted by exotic crops. As a consequence, wheat and barley have always occupied only a small share of all crops and did not incite the original agricultural system at all. While in the mountainous areas, the agricultural system has shown a diverse feature and was easily affected by the new species. The acceptance of wheat and barley could be a good example. The original crop system was broken after the wheat and barley were introduced, and some sites even transferred into wheat and barley based agriculture.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2023-05-10