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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:

43

期数:

2024年03期

页码:

70-79

栏目:

出版日期:

2024-06-30

文章信息/Info

Title:

Study on the Mechanism of Water Transport Wood Planting and Wood Tax Collection in Shengjing Area of the Qing Dynasty

作者:

沈胜群

（辽宁大学 历史学院， 辽宁 沈阳 110136）

Author(s):

SHEN Shengqun

（History School, Liaoning University，Shenyang 110136）

关键词:

清朝; 盛京地区; 辽河; 水运木植; 木税

Keywords:

Qing Dynasty;  Shengjing area;  Liao River;  water transport wood plants;  wood tax

分类号:

S-09；K213

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

水运，清代盛京地区重要的运输方式之一，它承载着货物流通与人员流动的功能。受地形地貌与降水等因素的影响，浑河上游和苏子河流域一带山峦起伏，多木植，成为本地重要的木材产区。由于这一带具有便利的水运条件，有利于区域内木植买卖与流通，因而沿河的城镇形成了一定规模的木材市场，其中不少木材甚至运抵京师地区，以供建筑之需。与此同时，为了加强管理与丰盈国库，清廷在各河口处征收木税，实物与折色的征收，既满足了本地陵寝修缮之需，又方便了税银上缴。在此过程中，清廷动态地调整木税征收机制的举措，揭示了此项税银的重要性。相应地，清廷调整征税官员和对私伐木植治理等措施，一方面彰显了官方意志，另一方面构成了木税征收中的制度逻辑，形塑官员行径的同时也在潜移默化间影响了制度的运作。

Abstract:

Water transport was an important mode of transportation in the Shengjing area of the Qing Dynasty, which undertook the functions of cargo circulation and personnel flow. Affected by factors such as topography and precipitation, the upper reaches of the Hunhe River and the Suzi River Basin are undulating and woody, and are important local timber producing areas. Convenient water transport conditions were not only conducive to the trading and circulation of wood plants in the region, but also formed a certain scale of timber markets in towns along the river, and even the maritime capital area for construction needs. Correspondingly, in order to strengthen management and enrich the national treasury, the Qing court levied a wood tax at each estuary, and the collection of physical objects and folded colors not only met the needs of the local mausoleum repair, but also facilitated the payment of taxes and silver. In this process, the Qing court’s measures to dynamically adjust the wood tax collection mechanism revealed the importance of this tax and silver, and the tax collection officials were selected from the local government to the capital ministry and sent to the yamen to serve concurrently, and then to the Fengtian general and fu Yin responsible for the transfer process, as well as the Qing court’s governance of private logging and planting, which constituted the institutional logic of the wood tax collection, shaping the official cognition and subtly affecting the operation of the system.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2024-07-07