粮棉之争还是粮棉结合？——近代华北地区粮棉耕地利用效率及经济效益研究-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Competition or Combination Between Grain and Cotton? Study on Utilization Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Grain and Cotton Cultivated Land in Modern North China

Author(s):: ZHANG Ping LV Zhiwang; （College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083）

摘要:: 文章以植棉业为切入点，通过对卜凯调查、陈翰笙调查、满铁调查等资料的整理，得出结论：美棉在近代华北地区的推广在一定程度上改变了农民的耕种结构，粮棉之间因此存在“争地”现象，耕种模式则呈现出“粮棉结合”的特点。文章采用耕地利用集约度、耕地产出率、耕地盈利率等三项指标，分析了小农经营中各农作物的耕地利用效率，进而说明华北植棉业对农民耕地资源利用的影响。另外，研究还发现植棉的耕地利用集约度、耕地产出率以及耕地盈利率均高于粮食作物。相较其他粮食作物，植棉能够促使农民充分利用家庭劳动力，提高耕地利用集约度，增加耕地产出率和盈利率。最后，文章还从技术门槛、下游产业以及自然环境的角度解释了农民为何选择继续种植粮食作物的原因。

Abstract:: Taking Cotton cultivation industry as the starting point, this paper collated historical information such as Buck survey, Chen Hansheng survey and Manchurian Railway Rural survey. And it was found that the promotion of American cotton had changed cultivation structure to a certain extent in modern North China. There was a phenomenon of "land competition " between grain and cotton. Meanwhile, the cultivation pattern tended to be "grain and cotton combination". Using three indexes of land use intensity, land productivity and land profit rate, this paper analyzed the land economic efficiency of each crop, and then explained the influence of cotton cultivation industry on the land resources utilization of peasants in North China. It was found that the land use intensity, land productivity and land profit rate of cotton cultivation were higher than that of grain. Compared with other grain, Cotton cultivation could promote peasants to make full use of family labor, improve land use intensity, and increase land productivity and land profit rate. From the perspectives of technical threshold, downstream industry and natural environment, it could explain the reason that peasants still choose to plant food crops under the drive of interests.