灾民逃荒与农村地权：以1948—1949年鲁中南区为中心的考察-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Refugee Migration and Rural Land Rights : An Examination of the Luzhongnan Region from 1948—1949

Author(s):: ZHANG Chunpeng; （College of Marxism, Peking University，Beijing 100871）

Keywords:: central south district of Shandong; the victims fled the famine; rural land rights; production and disaster relief; economic construction

摘要:: 土地是农民最为关心的问题，地权更是关系到农村经济发展与社会稳定。受战争破坏消耗、自然灾害冲击、地权尚未确定等因素影响，1948年冬至1949年春鲁中南区特别是新收复区灾荒奇重，大批农民外出逃荒。在华东局暂停土改的指示下，区党委采取生产救灾与调整土地相结合的折中办法来救济灾民、应对逃荒现象，但具体过程中的偏差反而侵犯农民利益，逃荒现象愈演愈烈。1949年夏荒又极为严重，区党委只能尽快确定地权以鼓励农民生产发家，应对农村灾荒。事实证明，当农民的切实利益得到保障时，生产积极性会被激发出来，衰败农村仍有自我修复的韧劲，这也是新中国成立后农村经济得以恢复和发展的重要原因。

Abstract:: Land was the most concerned issue of farmers, and land right was related to rural economic development and social stability. Affected by war destruction and consumption, natural disasters, land rights not yet determined and other factors, in the winter of 1948, especially in the spring of 1949, the rural economy in the central and southern areas of Shandong Province, especially in the newly recovered areas, was devastated. In 1948, under the instruction of East China Bureau to halt the land reform, the district Party Committee adopted a compromise method combining production and disaster relief with land adjustment to deal with the phenomenon of famine fleeing, but the deviation in the specific process violated the interests of middle peasants, and the number of famine fleeing was still large. In the summer of 1949, the disaster was still serious, and the district Party Committee could only determine the land rights as soon as possible to encourage farmers to produce and prosper. It has been proven that when the property and practical interests of farmers are guaranteed, their production enthusiasm will be stimulated, and declining rural areas still have the resilience to self repair. This is also an important reason for the recovery and development of rural economy after the founding of New China.