[1]俞清媛 胡耀武.人为景观视角下长江下游地区哺乳动物资源（8200—3200a BP）的利用与开发[J].中国农史,2026,45(01):149-160.
　YU Qingyuan HU Yaowu.Utilization and Exploitation of Mammal Resources in the Lower Yangtze River Region (8200—3200a BP) Under the Anthropogenic landscape’s Perspective[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2026,45(01):149-160.
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人为景观视角下长江下游地区哺乳动物资源（8200—3200a BP）的利用与开发()

《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
45
期数:
2026年01期
页码:
149-160
栏目:
出版日期:
2026-02-28

文章信息/Info

Title:
Utilization and Exploitation of Mammal Resources in the Lower Yangtze River Region (8200—3200a BP) Under the Anthropogenic landscape’s Perspective
作者:
俞清媛1; 2 胡耀武1; 2
（1. 复旦大学 文物与博物馆学系，上海 200433；2. 复旦大学 科技考古研究院，上海 200433）
Author(s):
YU Qingyuan1; 2 HU Yaowu1; 2
（1.Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433; 2.Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433）
关键词:
人为景观; 生物多样性指标; 主成分分析; 动物考古; 社会复杂化
Keywords:
anthropogenic landscape;  biodiversity index;  principle component analysis;  zooarchaeology;  social complexity
分类号:
S-09；K207
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
考古遗址中的动物考古组合不仅代表了人类对动物资源的开发和管理，也直接体现了人为景观，即人类对动物栖息环境的干预和改造。长江下游地区是农业起源和中华文明的发祥地之一，虽已开展了动物考古研究多年，但仍缺乏在人为景观视角下对不同区域、不同时段先民对动物资源（尤其是哺乳动物）利用与开发的综合讨论。本文对该地区8200—3200a BP期间14处考古遗址的哺乳动物遗存组合进行生物多样性指标分析和主成分分析，以期深入探讨先民在不同时空框架下对哺乳动物资源的利用与开发。8200—4300a BP期间物种的丰富度自12降至6.16，均匀度同步逐渐由0.646下降至0.385；4300—3200a BP期间物种丰富度回升至8.33，而均匀度则继续小幅下降为0.381。这表明动物资源利用模式存在历时性变化。主成分PC1得分（代表野生动物）在8200—4300a BP期间持续下降，4300—3200a BP期间有所回升； 主成分PC3得分（代表猪）则在5300—4300a BP期间（即良渚文化时期）出现明显的上升 （-1.08升至0.35）。宁绍平原与环太湖、江淮东部之间在动物资源利用模式上存在差异。宁绍平原的主成分PC1平均得分较高，说明先民更注重利用鹿、牛、鼬、猫、猴科等野生动物资源。与非核心区域相比，良渚时期的核心区域动物优势种均为猪，主成分PC3平均得分显著高于非核心区域遗址，反映了核心区域对猪更大程度的开发利用。不同时期、不同区域先民对多种景观的认识与开发能力，体现了动物资源利用与社会复杂化进程之间的密切联系。
Abstract:
Zooarchaeological assemblages in archaeological sites reflect both the exploitation of animal resources and the anthropogenic intervention and modification of animal habitats. Despite extensive zooarchaeological research in the lower Yangtze River region, one of the key origins of agriculture and Chinese civilization, comprehensive anthropogenic discussion of mammal resource utilization across regions and periods remain scarce. This study analyzes mammalian assemblages from 14 archaeological sites in the region, spanning 8200-3200a BP, using biodiversity indices and principal component analysis. During 8200-4300a BP, species richness decreased from 12 to 6.16, and evenness declined from 0.646 to 0.385. From 4300-3200a BP, species richness rebounded to 8.33, while evenness continued to decline to 0.381. These trends indicate temporal shifts in patterns of animal resource utilization. PCA results show that scores for PC1, representing wildlife mammal resources, declined during 8200-4300a BP but recovered during 4300–3200a BP. Scores for PC3, representing pig utilization, showed a significant increase from -1.08 to 0.35 during(the Liangzhu period). Regional differences in animal resource utilization were observed. Ningshao Plain exhibited higher mean PC1, indicating greater reliance on wild mammals such as Cervidae, Bovidae, Mustelidae, Felidae, and Cercopithecidae. During the Liangzhu period, core and peripheral area sites differed prominently in pig utilization. Pigs were the dominant species in core areas, where PC3 scores were significantly higher than in peripheral areas, reflecting intensive pig exploitation in core regions. Overall, these findings reflect the ability of ancestors lived in lower Yangtze River region to recognize and develop a variety of landscapes and also reveal the intricate relationship between animal resource utilization and the process of social complexity.
更新日期/Last Update: 2026-03-19