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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:

36

期数:

2017年03期

页码:

115-124

栏目:

出版日期:

2017-06-28

文章信息/Info

Title:

The Core Ideas of Traditional British Village Protection and Its Realization Mechanism

文章编号:

1000-4459（2017）03-0115-10

作者:

李建军

（中国农业大学 人文与发展学院，北京 100083）

Author(s):

LI Jian-jun

(College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083)

关键词:

传统村落; 自然景观; 文化遗产; 国家信托; 乡村保护协会

Keywords:

traditional village;  landscape;  cultural heritage;  the National Trust;  the Rural Protection Association

分类号:

S-09；K207

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

英国传统村落保护的历史首先得益于早期贵族和乡绅对乡村自然景观的营造和维护，以及某些中产阶级人士对生物多样性和乡村传统文化遗产的关注。英国社会普遍达成的共识是，传统村落中的自然景观和文化遗产是重构国家认同和国民品格形塑的战略资产；传统村落与其周边的自然景观和生物多样性之间长期演化形成的共生关系是传统村落延续的生命线，也是周边自然生态可持续维护的根本选择。在传统村落保护中，英国政府依法设立负责决策咨询服务、资金赠予的国家乡村机构，授权国家信托和乡村保护协会等社会组织基于国家利益从事传统村落资产的收购、保护和开发工作，合理设置了政府、社会组织和志愿者在传统村落保护中的行动空间和角色关系，进而最大程度地调动了社会各阶层参与传统村落保护的积极性，促成了政府、非政府组织和公民之间的协同行动，有效地实现了传统村落保护的理念和远景。

Abstract:

The protection of traditional British villages first benefited from the construction and maintenance of rural natural landscapes by early aristocrats and squads, as well as the attention of certain middle-class people to biodiversity and traditional cultural heritage. The consensus among the British society is that the natural landscape and cultural heritage in the traditional villages are strategic assets for reconstructing national identity and shaping national character; the symbiotic relationship between traditional villages and their surrounding natural landscapes and biological diversity is not only the lifeline for the traditional village, but also the fundamental choice for maintaining the surrounding natural ecological system sustainably. In order to protect the traditional villages, the British government established the national village agencies which be responsible for decision-making advisory services and granting funds, authorized the National Trust and the Rural Protection Association and other social organizations to do the traditional village assets acquisition, protection and development work, based on national interests，according to the laws, and set up reasonably the role of the government, social organizations and volunteers in the protection of traditional villages and thus mobilized greatly the initiative of all sectors of society to participate in the protection of traditional village initiative, contributed to coordinative action among the government, non-governmental organizations and citizens, effectively realized the vision of traditional village protection.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

[收稿日期] 2017-04-14
[基金项目] 国家留学基金（201506355019）
[作者简介] 李建军（1964- ），男，中国农业大学人文与发展学院发展管理系教授、农业伦理学与公共政策研究中心主任，英国杜伦大学法学院生命科学伦理学与法学研究中心访问学者、荷兰乌德勒支大学应用伦理研究所访问教授，主要研究方向为农业伦理学、生命伦理学和农村发展政策。

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更新日期/Last Update: 2018-10-27