农耕、技术与环境：“黄河轴心”时代政治经济中心之离合-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Farming, Technology and Environment：the Separation on the Center of Politics and Economy in “Yellow River Axis” Era

Author(s):: LIU Zhuang-zhuang; （College of History, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350）

Keywords:: Yellow River basin; agrarian economy; ecological degradation; centre of economic gravity; political center

摘要:: 黄河流域是中国早期文明形成的重要起源地，同时也孕育出周秦汉唐的辉煌文明。自西周至秦汉，农耕经济逐渐在黄河中下游的平原地区基本确立。随着农耕经济的普遍化，黄河流域的生态环境也受到不同程度的影响，水土流失，土地沙化，森林面积减少，动植物多样性减少，黄河决口等生态问题相继出现。西周至秦汉，黄河中游地区农耕经济十分繁荣，同时也是全国的政治中心。但随着黄河中游生态容量的下降，加之生产技术的进步，牛耕的推广等，黄河下游的低湿平原地区逐渐被开发出来，西汉末年以后越来越成为统治者最为倚重的核心经济区。到隋初，黄河流域的政治经济中心便出现了东西二元分离的情况。

Abstract:: It is the Yellow River basin that spring the early civilization and breed a splendid Chinese culture. During the Western Zhou to Qin Dynasty, the agricultural economy was gradually established in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. At this time, the middle reaches of the Yellow River is not only the national political center, but also the national economic center.However, the prosperity of agricultural economy also caused the destruction of ecological environment in the Yellow River basin. For example, soil erosion, desertification of land, reduction of forest area, reduction of plant and animal diversity, and the Yellow River run off and so on. Due to the progress of production technology and the popularization of the iron plow cattle farming, the lowland plain area of the Yellow River has been developed, becoming the most important core economic zone in the country. By the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, the plain area Yellow River became the economic center of the country, while the political center of the country was still in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It is the initial separation on politics and economy of the natural geography in east and west.