«上一篇/Previous Article|本期目录/Table of Contents|下一篇/Next Article»

《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:

42

期数:

2023年02期

页码:

52-61

栏目:

出版日期:

2023-04-29

文章信息/Info

Title:

The Preliminary Study of the Agricultural Production Mode of the Central Plain during the Late Yangshao Period

作者:

钟 华 赵志军

（中国社会科学院 考古研究所，北京 100101）

Author(s):

ZHONG Hua ZHAO Zhi-jun

（Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100101）

关键词:

中原地区; 仰韶晚期; 农业生产模式; 植物考古

Keywords:

The Central Plain;  the late Yangshao Period;  agricultural production mode;  archaeobotany

分类号:

S-09；K207

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

仰韶时代晚期的中原地区，不同于庙底沟文化时期一统的局面，面临着各区域文化发展的严重不平衡、竞争加剧、外来强势文化影响等诸多挑战。而这一时期农业生产模式的发展和变化、其背后的动因值得我们思考。本文分析了中原地区仰韶时代晚期河南巩义双槐树遗址（出土粟1426粒、黍305粒、稻米5粒、大豆7粒）和河南洛阳班沟遗址（出土粟637粒、黍16粒、稻米1粒）的植物遗存状况，结合中原地区其他仰韶晚期遗址出土植物遗存的情况，认为庙底沟时期形成的，以粟为主的旱作农业生产模式得到了延续，在农业耕种制度方面相对粗放。大豆开始普遍出现，但数量还较少。稻米在仰韶晚期遗址中的数量明显提升（新街遗址出土802粒，庙底沟遗址出土648粒，土门遗址出土738粒，苏羊遗址2589粒，汪沟遗址出土668粒），甚至在新街遗址为代表的遗址中形成了稻旱混作的新兴农业生产模式，其在不同遗址重要性的高低受到了遗址所在区域的位置、饮食传统、聚落等级等诸多因素的影响。中原地区在这一时期与周边区域的交流大大增多，农作物的传播和人群的迁移频率也空前提高。

Abstract:

The Central Plain in the late Yangshao Period was different from the situation of the unification of the Miaodigou culture. It was faced with many challenges, such as the serious imbalance of regional cultural development, the intensification of competition, the strong influence of foreign culture and so on. The development and change of agricultural production mode in this period and the motivation behind it are worth analyzing. Based on the analysis of the plant remains unearthed at the Shuanghuaishu site (including 1426 foxtail millets, 305 broomcorn millets, 5 rices, and 7 soybeans) and the Bangou site (including 637 foxtail millets, 16 broomcorn millets and1 rice), synthesizing with the plant data from the other late Yangshao sites in the Central Plain, it is found that the dry farming mode dominated by foxtail millet formed in the Miaodigou period has been continued, and the agricultural farming system is relatively extensive. Soybeans began to appear generally, although the number is still relatively low. The amount of rice found in the late Yangshao sites has been significantly increased (802 in the Xinjie site，648 in the Miaodigou site, 738 in the Tumen site, 2589 in the Suyang site, 668 in the Wanggou site）, and even a new agricultural production mode of both rice and millet mixed cropping has been formed in the Xinjie site. The importance of rice in different sites is affected by many factors such as the location, culinary tradition and settlement level of the site; During this period, the communication between the Central Plain and the surrounding areas increased greatly, and the transmission of crops and the migration frequency of people also raised unprecedentedly.

常用功能

更新日期/Last Update: 2023-05-10