[1]宋上上.明代九边粮价与月粮折价关系的再考释[J].中国农史,2023,42(02):82-95.
　SONG Shang-shang.Restudy on the Relation between Grain Price and Converted Price of Monthly Rations in the Nine Edges during Ming Dynasty[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2023,42(02):82-95.
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明代九边粮价与月粮折价关系的再考释()
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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
42
期数:
2023年02期
页码:
82-95
栏目:
出版日期:
2023-04-29

文章信息/Info

Title:
Restudy on the Relation between Grain Price and Converted Price of Monthly Rations in the Nine Edges during Ming Dynasty
作者:
宋上上
（北京大学 历史学系，北京 100871）
Author(s):
SONG Shang-shang
（School of History, Peking University, Beijing 100871）
关键词:
边镇粮饷; 粮价; 月粮折价; 仓斛市斗; 督抚奏议
Keywords:
Soldiers’ pay and provisions of the Nine Edges;  grain price;  converted price of monthly rations;  Dou for Granary and Dou for Market;  memorial to the throne of Supreme Commanders and Grand Coordinators
分类号:
S-09；K207
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
近来研究指出，边镇月粮常折价与粮米常价一致，月粮临时调整折价则反映了极端粮价，打破了学界关于明代边镇粮价高昂的认识。但随着北边军事形势的变化，九边粮价与月粮折价的关系存在变动。根据边镇督抚奏议，九边承平时期粮米常价与军士月粮常折价基本一致，当边镇整体军事压力增大，粮米常价上涨到1钱/市斗以上，导致月粮折价低于粮米常价。局部灾荒、虏患时期，边镇会临时提高月粮折价，但仍低于粮米时估，这是由于边镇月粮折价存在有减无增的上限原则。时间上，明代中后期九边粮价呈现出缓慢上升的趋势；空间上，北方军事威胁从西向东转移，边镇月粮折价与粮米常价比值亦随之降低。最终，边镇根据粮价调整月粮发放的本、折比例，节省边储。
Abstract:
In recent years, the research pointed out that the regular converted price of monthly rations in the Nine Edges was consistent with the normal grain price, and the temporary adjustment of converted price of monthly rations reflected the extreme grain price in the period of famine and war, breaking the misunderstanding of high grain price in the Nine Edges during Ming Dynasty. However, the relationship between grain price and converted price of monthly rations in the Nine Edges has changed, and the existing studies have not to pay attention to the differences in the time and space of the research objects. Based on memorial to the throne of Supreme Commanders and Grand Coordinators, it is found that there are two different measuring units of grain Dou for granary and Dou for market. In the purchase and accounting of grain, the Nine Edges took Dou for market as the unit, and sergeant monthly rations discount took Dou for granary as the unit. During the peacetime, the regular grain price was basically the same as the regular converted price of monthly rations. When the military pressure in the border increased, the grain price generally increased to 1 Qian/Dou, leading to converted price of monthly rations below grain price. During the period of famine and war, the Nine Edges would temporarily increase the converted price of monthly rations, but it was still lower than the grain price. This is due to the upper limit principle of monthly rations in the Nine Edges. On the whole, the grain price in the Nine Edges shows a slow upward trend. From west to east, the grain price gradually exceeds 1 Qian/Dou, and the ratio of “converted price of monthly rations/grain price” gradually decreases, reflecting the process of ethnic migration and military threat transfer in the north.

相似文献/References:

[1]马斗成 刘文玉.南京国民政府时期青岛粮价波动与政府应对（1929—1937）[J].中国农史,2021,40(04):45.
　MA Dou-cheng LIU Wen-yu.Food Price Fluctuation and Government’s Responses during the Period of Nanjing National Government[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2021,40(02):45.

更新日期/Last Update: 2023-05-10