[1]高 冰 刘金源.在资源储备与社会需求之间——英国林业委员会的困境与转型（1919—1945）[J].中国农史,2023,42(03):68-77.
　GAO Bing LIU Jinyuan.Between Resource Reserve and Social Needs: A Study of the Predicament and Transformation of the British Forestry Commission （1919-1945）[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2023,42(03):68-77.
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在资源储备与社会需求之间——英国林业委员会的困境与转型（1919—1945）()
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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
42
期数:
2023年03期
页码:
68-77
栏目:
出版日期:
2023-06-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Between Resource Reserve and Social Needs: A Study of the Predicament and Transformation of the British Forestry Commission （1919-1945）
作者:
高 冰 刘金源
（南京大学 历史学院，江苏 南京 210023）
Author(s):
GAO Bing LIU Jinyuan
（School of History，Nanjing University，Nanjing 210023）
关键词:
林业委员会; 英国; 资源储备; 林业管理
Keywords:
the Forestry Commission;  Britain;  resource reserve;  forestry management
分类号:
S-09；K207
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为了强化对森林资源的开发与监管，1919年英国成立林业委员会，由此开启了全国林业统一管理的序幕。林业委员会以资源储备为核心原则，制定林业政策，开展种植工作，改善了森林资源一度恶化的局面。由于未能处理好资源储备和满足社会需求之间的关系，林业委员会遭受被取缔民众抗议、战时木材供应不足等危机与困境。进入30年代后，通过调整组织机制、修订种植计划及调整管理政策等转型方式，林业委员会重新找到资源储备与社会需求间的平衡点并重获生命力。从公共管理视域而言，林业委员会的早期曲折之路是公共管理机构自我调整与探索的过程，以国家发展和公共利益为最终目标，是其通过转型摆脱困境的根本所在，这也给后发展国家的林业发展及政策制订提供了参考借鉴。
Abstract:
In order to strengthen the development and supervision of forest resources, Britain established the Forestry Commission in 1919, which marked the beginning of the unified management of nationwide forestry. Based on the core principle of “resource reserve”, the Forestry Commission formulated forestry policies and carried out afforestation, which improved the deteriorating situation of forests. Due to the failure to handle the relationship between resource reserve and social needs, the Forestry Committee suffered from a couple of predicaments-survival crisis, public protests against planting policies, and insufficient wood supply during wartime. After 1930s, the Forestry Commission strove to maintain a balance between resource reserve and social needs to regain its vitality through the transformations of organizational mechanisms, planting plans and forestry policies. From the perspective of public management, the early tortuous path of the Forestry Commission is a process of self-adjustment and exploration by a public management agency. The ultimate goal of national development and public interest is the fundamental reason for it to get rid of the predicaments through transformations. That also provides a reference for the developing countries in forestry development and policy formulation.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2023-07-03