浚浦与治河：民国初年苏州河的治理权之争-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: River Conservancy and Creek Regulation: Competition over Water Control in Soochow Creek during 1914-1920

Author(s):: XU Wenxin1 LI Yushang2; （1. School of History and Culture of Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240; 2. Department of History, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240）

Keywords:: Soochow Creek; Whangpoo Conservancy Board; Kiangnan Conservancy Bureau; urban water conservancy; irrigation and water conservancy

摘要:: 清末到民初，上海口岸经济与城市化的不断发展赋予苏州河不同于传统农田水利的新功能，即以市政和航运交通为中心的近代城市水利职能，继而引发城乡两种水利方式对治理权的博弈。1914—1920年，以如何看待与治理苏州河形成两大派别：一方以浚浦局为主导的“浚浦派”，将苏州河看作上海港的一部分，主张用水道工程学技术进行系统规划与治理；另一方是以江南水利局为代表的“治河派”，将苏州河看作吴淞江之尾闾，太湖宣泄之孔道兼及内河交通，主张以农田水利为出发点治理。双方从各自的治水理念出发，围绕部门职权和施工能力等展开对治理权的争夺，最终各有让步，于1920年达成由治河派浚治的协议。浚浦与治河之争，清晰地呈现了在近代城市化过程中，因城乡水利理念的不同，所引发的对水环境和水资源管理制度的博弈，对理解近代上海乃至整个近代中国城市建设中的水利规律具有重要意义。

Abstract:: In the early 20th century, Soochow Creek got a new role, which was different from the traditional agricultural irrigation, and it put more emphasis on municipal and shipping functions, owing to the continuous development of economy and urbanization in Shanghai Port. Therefore, triggering a game between the urban and rural factions in the development of water resources. During 1914-1920, Sino-foreign Institutions were divided into River Conservancy Faction and Creek Regulation Faction. The two sides competed over water control, including ownership and governance programs. This case presents a clear picture of the game over the water environment and the water management system arising from the different concepts of urban and rural water resources in the process of modern urbanization, which is important for understanding the laws of water resources in the construction of modern Shanghai and modern China as a whole.