[1]衷海燕 蔡佳镟.近代珠江三角洲基塘利用的弹性及其限度——以契约文书为中心的考察[J].中国农史,2025,44(03):116-131.
　ZHONG Haiyan CAI Jiaxuan.Resilience and Limitations of Dike-pond Utilization in Modern Pearl River Delta: An Investigation Centered on Contract Documents[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2025,44(03):116-131.
点击复制

近代珠江三角洲基塘利用的弹性及其限度——以契约文书为中心的考察()

《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
44
期数:
2025年03期
页码:
116-131
栏目:
出版日期:
2025-06-28

文章信息/Info

Title:
Resilience and Limitations of Dike-pond Utilization in Modern Pearl River Delta: An Investigation Centered on Contract Documents
作者:
衷海燕1 蔡佳镟2
（1.华南农业大学 华南生态史研究中心，广东 广州 510642；2.上海师范大学 历史系，上海 200234）
Author(s):
ZHONG Haiyan1 CAI Jiaxuan2
（1. South China Ecological History Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642;2. Department of History, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234）
关键词:
近代; 珠江三角洲; 基塘; 契约文书
Keywords:
modern times;  the Pearl River Delta;  dike-pond;  contract documents
分类号:
S-09；K216
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
基塘作为一种极具岭南特色的土地利用方式，自明清以来在珠江三角洲呈现出动态的发展过程。至近代，受1929年世界经济危机的影响，蚕丝业一落千丈，桑基鱼塘模式难以为继。此后二十年间，桑基鱼塘部分被改造为稻田，部分则转型为蔗基鱼塘，农业生产因此呈现出多元化的发展趋势。基塘利用的弹性特征，表现为合理的生产要素配置模式、可兼容的循环性生产方式与复合生产的生计保障作用，这些为基塘农业的转型提供了重要支撑。在弹性空间的另一面，农户面临的改造成本压力与经验约束使其倾向于渐进式转型，而业佃关系固化了土地利用方式与基面作物，关键在于政府的干预在一定程度上主导了转型的基本方向，且市场变化持续支配着基塘区农户的种植决策，这些因素共同限定了转型路径。桑基鱼塘的转型过程，既体现了基塘农业水陆互养、物质循环模式下的内在张力与经济韧性，也折射出近代内忧外患背景下地方社会的隐性围困。
Abstract:
As a Lingnan-specific land use, dike-pond had undergone dynamic evolution in the Pearl River Delta since the Ming and Qing dynasties. In modern times, affected by the world economic crisis in 1929, the silk industry plummeted, making the Mulberry-Dike-Fish-Pond model unsustainable. In the following two decades, portions of Mulberry-Dike-Fish-Ponds were converted to rice paddies, while others transitioned to Sugarcane-Dike-Fish-Ponds, diversifying agricultural production. The resilience of dike-pond utilization, evidenced by efficient factor allocation, compatible circular production and livelihood security, effectively supported the transformation of dike-pond agriculture. Meanwhile, farmers’ cost pressures and experience constraints favored gradual transformation, while tenancy relationships solidified the land use pattern and dike crops. Crucially, government intervention steered the fundamental direction of the transition, and market shifts persistently dictated planting decisions in the dike-pond area—these factors jointly bounded the pathways of transformation. This transformation reflects both the economic resilience and inherent tension of dike-pond agriculture under the land-water symbiosis and material cycling model, as well as the hidden siege of the local society amid modern internal and external troubles.

相似文献/References:

[1]房 利.灾荒冲击下的乡村社会冲突——以近代淮河流域为中心的考察[J].中国农史,2017,36(02):102.
　FANG Li.Rural Social Conflict under the Impact of Famine—— A Study on the Huaihe River Valley in Modern Times[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2017,36(03):102.
[2]周 晴.传统时代珠江三角洲海岸带沙田区的自然灾害与社会适应[J].中国农史,2020,39(01):110.
　ZHOU Qing.Disaters and Social Adaption of the Shatian area in the Pearl River Delta’s Costal Zone in the Traditional Times[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2020,39(03):110.
[3]房 利.灾荒冲击下的农民生活状况——以近代淮河流域为中心的考察[J].中国农史,2020,39(03):79.
　FANG Li.Living Conditions of the Farmers under the Impact of the Famine——A Study on the Huaihe River Valley in Modern Times[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2020,39(03):79.
[4]曹 曦.近代宣纸出口路线探析——以“中国旧海关史料”为中心[J].中国农史,2020,39(03):132.
　CAO Xi.Analyses of Export lines of Xuan-paper in Modern Times——Centers on Historical Materials of Old-customs[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2020,39(03):132.
[5]王志龙.“永远保墓”：近代皖中宗族墓田探析[J].中国农史,2021,40(01):98.
　WANG Zhi-long.Protecting the Grave Forever: A Study of the Clan Tomb Fields in the Central Part of Anhui Province in Modern Times[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2021,40(03):98.
[6]马 烈 李 军.近代中国农业生产中南北方农民维持生存用工量的比较[J].中国农史,2021,40(03):84.
　MA Lie LI Jun.A Comparison of the Amount of Labor Used in Agricultural Production to Maintain the Subsistence of Farmers in Northern and Southern China of Modern Times[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2021,40(03):84.
[7]朱星宇 包 平.1905—1945年东北大田作物种植格局变迁研究[J].中国农史,2021,40(04):81.
　ZHU Xing-Yu Bao Ping.Plant Pattern Change of "Main crops" in Northeast China from 1905 to 1945[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2021,40(03):81.
[8]王志龙.近代皖中农村宗族对祖坟的保护——基于看坟人视角[J].中国农史,2023,42(06):96.
　WANG Zhilong.Protection of Ancestral Tombs by Clans Living in Rural Areas in the Central Part of Anhui Province in Modern Times：Based on the Perspective of Grave Keeper[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2023,42(03):96.
[9]杨 凯.近代西方蜜蜂在中国的引进推广及其影响[J].中国农史,2025,44(04):35.
　YANG Kai.Introduction and Spread of Apis mellifera and Its Influence in Modern China[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2025,44(03):35.

更新日期/Last Update: 2025-07-19