汉代的珍珠业与会稽之珠——从乌程汉简“珠官”说起-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Pearl Industry in the Han Dynasty and Kuaiji Pearls：From the "Pearl Officials" in the Wuchen Woodenslips

Author(s):: WANG Ze; （School of History and Culture, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081）

摘要:: 先秦至南北朝，会稽之珠一直是地方名产。汉代会稽郡有“珠师”匠人以及乌程汉简所记“珠官”官署，珍珠业规模较大，由官府控制。会稽之珠是继江汉之珠而起的采珠重心，与合浦南珠相比，会稽采珠应以江河湖泊的淡水珠为主，采集成本低。会稽郡人对珍珠的形成、采集、分类有较为先进的认识，当地又多有产珠蚌种，长期以此为业。东汉时期珍珠消费扩大，这是采珠业发展的市场条件。结合当时会稽地区的珍珠认识、物产条件，东汉会稽北部一带有可能发展出新的珍珠采捕或培育技术。

Abstract:: Pearls had been the specialty of Kuaiji County from pre-Qin to the North and South Dynasties. In the Han Dynasty, there were "pearl officials"(recorded in the Wuchen Woodenslips) and "pearl masters" in Kuaiji County, and the pearl industry was large in scale and controlled by the government. The pearl of Kuaiji was the center of pearling following the pearl of Jianghan. compared with the pearl of Hepu, Kuaiji pearling should be based on the freshwater pearl of rivers and lakes, the collection cost is relatively low. The people of Huiji County had a more advanced understanding of the formation, collection and classification of pearls. And there was many kinds of pearl-producing mussels in the local area. Local people had long been feeding on them. Pearl consumption expanded during the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is the market conditions for the development of the pearling industry. Combined with the awareness of pearls in Kuaiji, the production conditions, it is possible to develop a new pearling or pearl cultivation technology in the northern part of Kuaiji in the Eastern Han Dynasty.