归属纠纷与分股执业——明清至民国石臼湖草场管控机制研究-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Ownership Disputes and Share-Based Management: A Study on the Grassy Beaches Control Mechanisms of Shijiu Lake from the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China Era

Author(s):: ZHOU Ying; （School of History, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023）

Keywords:: Shijiu Lake; Dongba dam; grassy beach; ownership disputes; share-based management

摘要:: 位于苏、皖边界上的石臼湖，由溧水、当涂、高淳三县共管。自明正德年间，太湖上游改筑东坝后，石臼湖水位上涨，濒湖圩区的田土被淹。因湖泊水位的季节性变化，这些田土逐渐转变为草场，但田赋依旧维持原额。由于石臼湖草场的范围因湖水涨落与水沙运动而具有不稳定性，生活在沿湖边界地带的邢、杨两姓民众，多次围绕草场的归属和边界产生纠纷。官府在处理纠纷时，主要是确认经营草场和完纳赋税的主体，并不干预草场的具体管理方式。为应对草场边界变动与控产主体变更的挑战，地方社会发展出以“股”为单位的资源份额化管理机制，通过家户分股、集体管业的组织形式，实现了草场资源的有效管控。

Abstract:: Located on the border between Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, Shijiu Lake was jointly administered by the counties of Lishui, Dangtu, and Gaochun. Since the reconstruction of the Dongba Dam upstream of Lake Tai during the Zhengde era of the Ming Dynasty, Shijiu Lake’s water level rose, submerging farmland in the lakeside polder areas. Due to the seasonal fluctuations of the lake level, these submerged lands gradually transformed into grassy beach, yet the original land tax quotas remained unchanged. Because the extent of these grassy beaches remained unstable as a result of the lake’s fluctuations and sediment movement, the Xing and Yang clans living along the border repeatedly disputed the ownership and boundaries of the grassy beaches . When resolving these disputes, the local government primarily focused on confirming the entities responsible for managing the grassy beaches and paying taxes, without intervening in the specific management methods. To address the challenges of shifting grassy beaches boundaries and changes in ownership, the local community developed a share-based resource management system. This mechanism, organized through household shares and collective management, enabled effective control and administration of the grassy beach resources.