«上一篇/Previous Article|本期目录/Table of Contents|下一篇/Next Article»

《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:

期数:

2025年05期

页码:

92-102

栏目:

出版日期:

2025-10-28

文章信息/Info

Title:

The Tension between Tradition and Modernity: the Natural Disaster Response Model and Its Limitations in Zhejiang during the Republic of China

作者:

房 利

（浙江机电职业技术大学 马克思主义学院，浙江 杭州 310053）

Author(s):

FANG Li

（Zhejiang University of Mechanical and Electrical Technology, Hangzhou 310053）

关键词:

自然灾害; 社会转型; 灾害应对; 民国时期; 浙江

Keywords:

natural disasters;  social transformation; disaster response;  during the Republic of China period;  Zhejiang

分类号:

S-09；K214

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

民国时期浙江自然灾害频发，水灾、旱灾、台风威胁严重。其应对以“官民协作”为核心模式，官方依靠仓储制度、海塘工程与程序化赈灾机制，民间则依托宗族士绅、商帮行会、同乡组织及信仰仪式力量参与。然而，在近代社会转型背景下，这一模式内外交织着深刻的内在矛盾与外部失衡。官方体系因财力困窘与吏治腐败，导致传统荒政效能显著衰减；民间力量虽活跃积极，却受制于地域封闭性与资源碎片化，难以建立长效救灾机制。同时，科学防灾理念、近代工程技术及组织化慈善等现代元素，与传统仓储、禳灾仪式及宗族救济等并存碰撞，彼此掣肘。战争破坏与非理性干扰进一步严重制约了救灾效能，凸显社会转型期灾害应对“新旧交织”的内在矛盾。这种张力不仅暴露了“官民协作”模式的实践局限，更深层次揭示了民国浙江在构建现代国家治理体系过程中遭遇的困境与矛盾。其历史经验对于理解社会转型期间国家与社会关系的调适、传统智慧与现代理性的融合，具有重要的镜鉴价值。

Abstract:

During the Republic of China period, natural disasters occurred frequently in Zhejiang, with severe threats from floods, droughts, and typhoons. Its response was based on the core model of "government civilian cooperation", with the official relying on storage systems, seawall projects, and procedural disaster relief mechanisms, while the private sector relied on the participation of clan gentry, business guilds, hometown organizations, and religious ceremonies. However, in the context of modern social transformation, this model was intertwined with profound structural tension inside and outside. The official system had significantly weakened the effectiveness of traditional famine policies due to financial difficulties and corrupt officials; Although civilian forces were active and proactive, they were constrained by regional isolation and fragmented resources, making it difficult to establish a long-term disaster relief mechanism. At the same time, modern elements such as scientific disaster prevention concepts, modern engineering technology, and organized charity coexist and collide with traditional warehousing, disaster relief rituals, and clan relief, constraining each other. The destruction caused by war and irrational interference further severely constrain the effectiveness of disaster relief, highlighting the inherent contradiction of the interweaving of old and new in disaster response during the period of social transformation. This tension not only exposed the practical limitations of the "government civilian cooperation" model, but also revealed at a deeper level the structural difficulties encountered by the Republic of China Zhejiang in building a modern national governance system. Its historical experience had important mirror value for understanding the adjustment of the relationship between the state and society during the period of social transformation, and the integration of traditional wisdom and modern rationality.

常用功能

更新日期/Last Update: 2025-11-27