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《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:

期数:

2025年05期

页码:

117-133

栏目:

出版日期:

2025-10-28

文章信息/Info

Title:

Exploration into the Conversion between Agriculture and Animal Husbandry during the Bronze Age in the Liaoxi Region

作者:

贾 鑫

（南京师范大学 地理科学学院 / 环境考古研究院，江苏 南京210023）

Author(s):

JIA Xin

(School of Geography / Institute of Environmental Archaeology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023)

关键词:

辽西地区; 夏家店; 畜牧业; 农业; 年代; 人群; 古DNA; 气候; 生业模式

Keywords:

Liaoxi Region;  Xiajiadian;  animal husbandry;  agriculture;  radiocarbon dating;  ethnic groups;  ancient DNA;  climate change;  subsistence strategy

分类号:

S-09；K216

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

辽西地区是我国万年文化史、五千年文明史、多民族融合历史的重要实证区域，地处我国北方农牧交错带东南部，青铜时代（夏家店文化时期）是探讨气候变化与农业社会起源、畜牧业起源、农牧交错带最终形成之间关系的关键时段。本文梳理了辽西地区青铜时代的碳十四测年数据、动植物考古数据、稳定同位素食谱数据、体质人类学数据、古DNA数据和古气候数据，认为气候变化作为“驱动器”，可能推动了辽西地区青铜时代的农业—畜牧业转变。夏家店下层文化时期（3750—3250 BP），温暖湿润的环境条件和黄河流域旱作农业人群的北上，促进了该地区发达农业社会的出现；“全新世适宜期”的结束，可能导致了夏家店下层文化的终结。夏家店上层文化时期（3100—2150 BP），气候依然相对冷干，冷干气候条件导致北方牧业族群南下，到达了该地区的西部山地区，促使西区山地区的先民主要开展以牛、羊为主的畜牧业活动；而南部黄土丘陵区的先民血脉上依然延续着黄河流域农业族群的特征，保留着农业为主的生产方式。辽西地区夏家店上层文化时期西、南部畜牧业和农业生产方式并存，标志着我国北方农牧交错带东南部的最终形成。

Abstract:

The Liaoxi Region serves as a crucial empirical area for China’s ten thousand years cultural history, five thousand years civilization history, and multi-ethnic integration. Located in the southeastern section of China’s northern agro-pastoral ecotone, the Bronze Age (Lower and Upper Xiajiadian cultural periods) represents a critical timeframe for investigating the relationships between climate change and the origins of agricultural society, the emergence of animal husbandry, and the final establishment of the agro-pastoral transitional zone. This study synthesizes including radiocarbon dating, zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical records, stable isotopic dietary analyses, physical anthropological evidence, ancient DNA data, and paleoclimatic records from the Liaoxi Region during the Bronze Age. It proposes that climate change acted as a "driver" potentially accelerating the transition between agriculture and animal husbandry during this period. During the Lower Xiajiadian (LXJD) cultural phase (3750—3250 BP), warm and wet environmental conditions combined with the northward diffusion of millet agricultural communities from the Yellow River Basin facilitated the emergence of an advanced agricultural society in the Liaoxi Region. While the termination of the "Holocene Climate Optimum" likely contributed to the collapse of the LXJD Culture. In the subsequent Upper Xiajiadian (UXJD) cultural period (3100—2150 BP), persistent relatively cold and arid conditions led the southward migration of northern pastoral groups into the western mountainous areas of this region. This environmental pressure led local populations to utilize sheep and cattle in the western mountains. While, communities maintained genetic continuity with agricultural populations from the Yellow River Basin and preserved their predominantly agricultural subsistence strategies in the southern loess hilly areas of the Liaoxi Region. This marked the establishment of the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China, as evidenced by the coexistence of animal husbandry and agricultural production during the UXJD period in the western and southern parts of the Liaoxi Region.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2025-11-27