[1]李宇奇 田 多 贾 鑫.西北边疆史前绿洲水利发展状况初探：以新疆轮台奎玉克协海尔古城水利设施为例[J].中国农史,2025,(06):49.
　LI Yuqi TIAN Duo JIA Xin.Preliminary Exploration of the Development of Prehistoric Oasis Irrigation in the Northwestern Frontier: A Case Study of the Irrigation Facilities at Kuiyukexiehaier Ancient City, Luntai, Xinjiang[J].AGRICULTURAL HISTORY OF CHINA,2025,(06):49.
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西北边疆史前绿洲水利发展状况初探：以新疆轮台奎玉克协海尔古城水利设施为例()

《中国农史》[ISSN:1000-4459/CN:32-1061/S]

卷:
期数:
2025年06期
页码:
49
栏目:
出版日期:
2025-12-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Preliminary Exploration of the Development of Prehistoric Oasis Irrigation in the Northwestern Frontier: A Case Study of the Irrigation Facilities at Kuiyukexiehaier Ancient City, Luntai, Xinjiang
作者:
李宇奇1; 2 田 多3 贾 鑫4; 5
（1.南开大学 中国社会史研究中心，天津 300350；2.南开大学 历史学院，天津 300350；3.西北大学 文化遗产学院， 陕西 西安 710127；4.南京师范大学 地理科学学院，江苏 南京 210023；5.南京师范大学 环境考古研究院，江苏 南京 210023）
Author(s):
LI Yuqi1; 2 TIAN Duo3 JIA Xin4; 5
(1. Key Research Institute of Social History of China, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350; 2. Faculty of History, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350; 3. School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127；4. School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023; 5. Institute of Environmental Archaeology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023)
关键词:
渠道灌溉技术; 古代城址; 古代农业; 水利考古; 早期铁器时代; 史前时期
Keywords:
canal irrigation technology;  ancient walled settlement;  ancient agriculture;  archaeology of water management;  early iron age;  prehistory
分类号:
S-09；K207
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
绿洲水利灌溉技术的发展，是我国西北边疆得以在史前时期就成为东西方重要农作物交流通道的技术保障，但由于考古资料的匮乏，当地史前水利曾达到的技术水平至今仍难以确定。本文以新疆轮台奎玉克协海尔史前时期古城（奎城）为案例，通过分析城内新发现的一处环壕和两条渠道所展现出的技术水平，对当时的农业水利技术发展水平进行了间接推测。分析结果认为，在奎城的主要兴盛期早段，即公元前550—前300年左右，西北边疆的古代居民已可直接从一些径流量较大的常流河引水，修建规模可观的水利灌溉设施。当地居民很可能已开始修建沟通两条天然河流的“运河式”连接渠，并具备了利用夯实法为渠道防渗和利用渡槽或填方渠道跨越沟堑的能力，整体水利技术水平大大超出了此前学者对于西北边疆史前水利的估计。这些技术上的进步，帮助西北边疆的史前农业从河流尾闾三角洲等狭小区域，拓展到了广阔的山前洪积平原，为灌溉农业的大规模发展提供了技术条件，支撑了当地复杂社会的兴起，也为后世丝绸之路的兴起奠定了基本条件。
Abstract:
The development of oasis irrigation techniques provided the technological foundation that allowed China’s northwestern frontier to become a significant corridor for crop exchange between East and West during the prehistoric period. However, due to limited archaeological evidence, the technological level of prehistoric irrigation systems in the region remains unclear. This study takes the prehistoric city of Kuiyukexiehaier (Kui City) in Luntai, Xinjiang, as a case study. By analyzing the technical features of a newly discovered moat and two channels within the city, the paper offers indirect insights into the advancement of agricultural irrigation techniques at the time. The results indicate that during the early peak period of Kui City, around 550–300 BCE, the ancient residents of the northwestern frontier were already capable of diverting water directly from large, perennial rivers and constructing substantial irrigation infrastructure. The residents likely built canal-like connection channels linking two natural rivers and had developed methods for channel seepage control through tamping, as well as techniques for crossing ditches with aqueducts or embankment channels. These advancements far exceeded previous scholarly estimates of prehistoric irrigation technology in the region. They enabled prehistoric agriculture to expand from restricted inland river deltas to broader foothill alluvial plains, supporting large-scale irrigation agriculture, facilitating the rise of complex societies, and laying the groundwork for the later development of the Silk Roads.
更新日期/Last Update: 2026-01-28