加征与发还：战后初期胶东解放区公粮征收的考察-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Additional Imposition and Partial Reversion: a Study on Grain Expropriation in Jiaodong Liberated Areas during Early Days of Civil War

Author(s):: DENG Guang; Department of History，East China Normal University，Shanghai 200241

摘要:: 抗战时期，胶东行署的公粮征收主要依赖地主和富农，致使地富大量抛售土地，地富数量随之大为减少，反过来影响了政府的收入。同时，战时征粮办法也抑制了农民的生产积极性，导致农村均产思想盛行。战后，行署为改变征收弊端，在前后两次制定的征粮办法中，均降低了对富农的征收，相应增加了中贫农的负担。内战爆发后，政府财粮紧张，被迫追加征收，胶东各地纷纷反映负担过重。意识到该问题后，行署及时发还部分公粮，缓解了中贫农的困难。胶东这一个案在体现了中共关心民众疾苦的同时，也表明，即便在内战初期，解放区政府已经开始面临农村资源汲取上的困难了。

Abstract:: During the War of Resistance against Japanese, Landowners and rich peasants were the main source of the Grain expropriation in the district of the Civil Administration of Jiaodong. Conversely, this practice resulted in large-scale selling of plots of lands and dramatic falling of the number of Landowners and rich peasants at that period. In turn it had impaired the government’s revenue. Meanwhile, the method of the Grain expropriation substantially dampened the peasantry’s enthusiasm. After the Victory of the War, with the goal to eliminate its drawback, the Civil Administration of Jiaodong had worked out two regulations on Grain expropriation, in which it reduced the rich peasants’ burden and correspondingly increased the middle and poor peasants’ proportion. On the outbreak of the civil war, due to financial strain and short supply of commissariat, the Administration were compelled to make an additional imposition. Being aware of the issue, the Administration gave back some part of the public grain to the middle and poor peasants to relieve their difficulties. The case study indicates that the government in liberated area had faced the troubles in acquiring the resources from rural areas even in the early stage of civil war.