唐代丝绸之路中段西州与龟兹的商贸研究-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Analysis on the Commercial Development of the Silk Road in the Tang Dynasty between Xizhou and Qiuci

Author(s):: ZHANG An-fu; Department of History，Shanghai Normal University，Shanghai 200234

Keywords:: Anxi Protectorate; Xizhou; Qiuci; commercial development; Silk Road

摘要:: 从长安经西州、龟兹的丝绸之路是唐代重要的商贸通道，负责唐朝西域军政事务的安西都护府先后设置于西州和龟兹，两地的商贸物流便利、交通频繁，西州成为龟兹重要的商品供给地和战略后方，龟兹成为拱卫包括西州在内的西域局势安全的战略中枢，贸易各有特色、互补性强。城市功能决定了城市商业贸易发展的方向，长时期作为唐朝安西都护府府治的龟兹，其商贸更多体现了服务于国家政治军事的特点，如军事物资粮食、马匹的周转贸易、屯戍士兵及家属的日常消费和商品交换；而西州自汉代以来一直是中原汉人迁入西域的重要地域，绿洲农业经济发达，耕织业水平较高。加之唐初就开始在西州进行大规模移民实边和屯戍活动，因此西州商品生产和交换频繁，商品市场和中转贸易更为成熟。

Abstract:: The Silk Road from Changan via Xizhou and Qiuci is an important channel for foreign trade in the Tang Dynasty. The Anxi Protectorate, which is in charge of the military and political affairs, is successively set in Xizhou and Qiuci and it has greatly promoted the expansion of the trade routes and merchants of this two places. However, on the nature of the Silk Road commercial development, the trade in Qiuci embodies the characteristics of military activities, such as the transshipments of military supplies and horses and the exchange of daily consumption commodities of garrison soldiers and their families. Xizhou commodity market is more developed that it has rich material goods, matured commercial trades and frequent international trade activities. Thus, Xizhou and Qiuci have closely connections on business trade and they also have strong complementary. And because of this, Xizhou becomes the important commodity supply ground and strategic rear of Qiuci. During the stable period, Qiuci also has a developed transshipment business trade owing to its important geographical location.