论简牍中所见秦汉时期马的饲料与饲养考察-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Observe and Study on Horse Fodder and Feeding in Bamboo Slips in Qin-Han Period

Author(s):: WANG Shi-hong1 YI Bao-zhong2; （1.Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246051;2.Institute of Chinese Agricultural Civilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095）

摘要:: 秦汉时期马的饲料主要分为饲粮和饲草两类。饲粮类包括谷、粟、麦、穬麦、菽、黍、稗等，其中谷、粟是总称；粟包括粱、穈等；麦在当时是大、小麦之统称；之种属尚未确定；穬麦估计是青稞；菽是豆类，或曰豆指胡豆或黑豆；黍是穄类，俗称黄米；稗是稗属，其米可食。饲草类包括刍稁、茭、茭豆、苜蓿等，其中以刍稁、茭为主，茭豆和苜蓿不多见。马的饲养还涉及到饲草储存、计量、配给量、供给时间等需要厘清的问题。

Abstract:: Horse feed is mainly divided into two types of food crops and forage in Qin-Han period. The type of food crops includes millet, su（粟）,wheat, pang huang（）, bean, shu（黍）, bai （稗）etc, Among them ,grain is general name; su（粟） is a general name too, includes sorghum and mei（穈）; wheat includes barley and wheat；the species of pang huang（） is uncertain; wheat with awn maybe is highland barley; bean includes peas and beans; somebody says beans refers to the broad bean or black beans in the frontier area; shu belongs to species of ji（穄）is commonly known as the yellow shelled or husked seed; the seeds of bai （稗） can be eat. The type of forage includes chu gao（刍稁）, jiao（茭）, jiao dou （茭豆）, clover blossom. Among them, chu gao（刍稁）and jiao （茭）are common, jiao dou（茭豆） and clover blossom are less common. The horse feeding concerning some questions such as fodder storage, measurement, ration, time of feeding and so on, they also needs to be explained.