粟·黍·猪：论原始旱作农业类型的形成与发展-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Setaria Italica·Panicum Miliaceum·Swine On the Formation and Development of the Primitive Dry Agriculture Type

Author(s):: ZHAO Yue-yun FAN Zhi-min; （Chinese Agricultural History and Culture Research Center , Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100）

Keywords:: agriculture type; dry agriculture type; setaria italica; panicum miliaceum; swine

摘要:: 旱作农业类型是一种以种植业为主、以养畜业为辅，种养结合的农业结构性组合。旧石器时代晚期至新石器时代早期自然环境、文化传统、生活方式、生业模式等诸多方面出现的变化揭示出这一时期农业发生的条件已然具备。粟、黍、猪等构成旱作农业类型的农业对象在新石器时代中期诸多遗址的相伴出现表明一种农业结构性组合的雏形开始产生。新石器时代晚期和末期以来是旱作农业类型最终形成并获得进一步发展的阶段，主要表现在北方地区旱作农业类型的逐步趋同；农业生产在人类生业模式中逐渐成为主体；农业结构性组合的逐渐完善；种植制度和饲养策略的理性发展；诸农业对象生产方式的相互兼容；种植业和养畜业构成对象的多元化等。旱作农业类型在北方地区的逐步形成与发展对中国早期文明进程所产生的促进作用值得进一步深思与讨论。

Abstract:: Dry agriculture type is a kind of structural combination of planting and rising, which is mainly based on dry farming and meanwhile takes livestock farming as auxiliary. From the late paleolithic age to the early neolithic age, the change in natural environment、cultural tradition、 life style and subsistence model reveals that it was ready for agriculture to come into being in this period. The agricultural objects of dry agriculture type, such as setaria italica、panicum miliaceum and swine, were explored together in many sites of the middle neolithic age ,which indicated the rudiment of agricultural structural combination was formed. Dry agriculture type was finally formed in the late and the last period of the neolithic age and acquired a further development, which manifested in a lot of aspects. Such as the gradually convergence of the dry agriculture type in the northern area, the completeness of agricultural structural combination, the reasonable development of planting and rising system and the diversification of the objects of planting and stock farming. The production mode of every agricultural objects were compatible with each other, and agricultural industry finally became the main body of human subsistence model. Still there need a further ponder and discussion on the promoting effect of the formation and development of dry agriculture type on Chinese early civilization process in the northern area.