尺寸与成分：考古材料揭示黄河中下游地区大豆起源与驯化历程-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Size and Content: Archaeological Materials Revealed Soybean Domestication in the Middle and Lower Yellower River Area

Author(s):: CHEN Xue-xiang1 MA Fang-qing1 ZHANG Tao2; （1. School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan 250100;2. Research Institute of Beijing Ancient Buildings, Beijing 100050）

Keywords:: the soybean (Glycine max) domestication; the middle and lower Yellower River area

摘要:: 黄河中下游地区长期以来被视为大豆起源地之一。近年来以考古材料为基础，对黄河中下游地区大豆起源与驯化研究，集中于炭化种子的尺寸分析，已大致可以看出尺寸分化的历时性演变。尽管如此，本文对各遗址出土大豆尺寸的具体分析表明，新石器时代至汉代大豆尺寸在各个遗址的尺寸变化范围并不相同，因而难以建立用以判别驯化的尺寸标准。能否在尺寸之外，找到观察大豆驯化历程的新线索，成为当务之急。作者进而介绍了新近利用X-CT技术观察大豆成分历时性演变的新进展。含油量的变化表明黄河中下游地区大豆的栽培和驯化至迟发生于距今7500年前。距今4000-3500年前后，尺寸和含油量都出现明显分化，这两项指标表明此时大豆的驯化已经进入一个新的阶段。

Abstract:: The middle and lower Yellower River area is acknowledged as one of the soybean (Glycine max) domestication regions. Recent research on size of ancient soybean seeds has shown a trend of size increase since late Neolithic. However, due to size variation among different sites, it is difficult to use size as a trait for identification of domestication in archaeological materials, especially to investigate samples of the early Neolithic. The new publication using X-CT of charred, archaeological soybean seeds identified small holes in the specimens that are associated with oil content. The volume ratio of small holes increased slowly from 7500 to 4000 cal B.P. it is infered that human selection for higher oil content began as early as 7500 cal B.P. and that high oil content cultivars were well established by 4000 cal B.P.

备注/Memo:: [收稿日期] 2017-02-28
[基金项目] 国家社会科学基金项目“海岱地区商周农业的考古学研究”（14BKG009）；山东大学自主创新交叉学科培育项目“同步辐射技术在考古学中的方法学研究及应用”（2014JC007）
[作者简介] 陈雪香（1979- ），山东大学历史文化学院副教授、硕士生导师，研究方向为植物考古和商周考古；方青（1990- ），山东大学历史文化学院硕士研究生；张涛（1982- ），北京市古代建筑研究所馆员。