魏晋至隋唐时期油脂生产与应用探研-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: On the Oil Production and Applications from the Wei, Jin to Sui and Tang Dynasties

Author(s):: WANG Xing-guang SONG Yu; （School of History, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001）

Keywords:: Wei; Jin to Sui and Tang Dynasties; vegetable oils; oil expression; oil applications

摘要:: 油脂是生活必需品之一，我国有着悠久的油脂加工和利用的历史，汉代榨压植物油脂的技术开始出现，魏晋至隋唐是其发展的重要时期。东晋时期已经有了专门压榨油脂的人家，榨油技术有了很大发展。油料作物有芝麻、大麻、荏、芸苔、芥子、蔓菁、红蓝花、核桃、乌桕等。这一时期植物油在饮食、燃料、照明等方面逐步代替动物油。干性植物油被广泛利用于造油布、调和漆、瓦器制作、造船等方面。在护肤美容、医疗等方面，油脂也有着广泛用途。由于具有防水性、营养保健性、可燃性等自然属性，油脂被应用于社会生产生活的许多领域。通过对油脂生产及用途的探索和总结，不仅可以对古代社会的生活状况有更加深入的了解，也对现代社会有一定的借鉴应用价值。

Abstract:: Oil is one of the necessaries of life. Our country had a long history of oil expression and utilization. The technology of crushing plant grease began to appear in Han Dynasty. It was a crucial development stage of oil manufacture from the Wei, Jin to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. There were professional families to press oil in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Oil pressing technique had made great development. Oil-bearing crops were sesame, marijuana, common perilla, Brassica campestris, mustard, rutabaga, red and blue flowers, walnut, Sapium sebiferum and so on. During this period vegetable oil replaced animal fat in food, fuel, lighting and other applications step by step. Drying oil was widely used for oilcloth making, paint mixing, pottery production, shipbuilding and so on. Oil was also extensively used in cosmetic and skin care, medical treatment and other ways. Because of its waterproof, nutrition and health care, flammability and other natural properties, oil was widely used in many aspects of social life. Through the exploration and summary of the oil applications it can provide an important reference to the living situation in ancient social. It also has some reference value for modern society.

备注/Memo:: [收稿日期] 2017-03-06
[基金项目] 河南省高等学校哲学社会科学优秀学者资助项目“中国古代生物质能源研究”（2013YXXZ-01）；河南省高等学校哲学社会科学创新团队支持计划项目“中原与中华文明创新团队”（ 2015-CXTD-04）
[作者简介] 王星光（1957- ），男，郑州大学历史学院教授、博士生导师，研究方向为中国科技史、农业史；宋宇（1987- ），男，郑州大学历史学院博士研究生，研究方向为中国科技史。