近代苏州花卉业研究-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: ZENG Jing-jing1 SHEN Jing2; （1.Institution of Chinese Agricultural Civilization , Nanjing Agricultural University，Nanjing 210095;2.College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University，Nanjing 210095）

Keywords:: modern Suzhou; the floriculture industry; transformation; the fragrant flowers for making scented tea; garden management; middleman

摘要:: 明清时期，花卉业是苏州经济结构中的重要组成部分，具有强烈的地方色彩。近代以来，由于香花茶走俏国内外市场，苏州花卉业集体转向，专注于培植用于窨制花茶的香花。此转向提高了园圃经营的集约化水平，创造了远高于水稻种植的劳动生产率。但是，这种整体转向也给花卉业自身带来诸多消极因素：首先花农不得不承受茶叶市场波动与中间商人肆意压低市场价格并获取高额佣金的双重市场风险；其次，对市场收益的片面追求，制约了花卉园艺的全面发展，不仅四季花卉在园圃中极度式微奇零，甚至芳香品质优异但不易管理的香花品种也遭到被淘汰的命运。

Abstract:: Floriculture industry was an important form with strong local colour in Suzhou city economic structure during Ming and Qing dynasties. Since modern time, because scented tea sold well in domestic and international markets, the industry changed its market goal, specially cultivated fragrant flowers for making scented tea. This transformation of market goal brought obvious improvements of intensive level of the garden management, and created the higher productivity far more than that of rice cultivating. At the same time the changes also got rise to some negative influences to itself. Firstly the peasants had to suffer double market rises from both the unstable tea market and the middleman who not only cut down the flower price unreasonably but also took high brokerage. Secondly, paying all attention on cultivating fragrant flowers for making scented tea led to the extreme decline of ornamental flowers’ proportion in the gardens, even the fragrant flowers with excellent quality but needing higher gardening skill also suffered an obsolete fate; yet the seedlings skills had no radically improvement. So the horticulture skills did not achieve an all-round improvement.