农业合作化进程中农民心态与行为研究<br />——以鄂、湘、赣三省为中心-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: A Study on the Psychology and Behavior of Farmers in the Process of Agricultural Cooperation
——Take Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces as the Center

Author(s):: CHANG Ming-ming; (School of Economics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025)

摘要:: 土地改革后，为克服小农家庭生产资料普遍短缺的困难，发展农业生产，人民政府在农村开展了以互助合作为中心的大生产运动。在运动初期，由于坚持入社退社自由、自愿互利原则，入社后的农民得到了较大实惠，因此合作化得到了各阶层农民的拥护。在合作化高潮中，一部分生产条件相对优越的农民怕在社外受排挤而随大流入社或被迫入社，由于出现了违背自愿互利原则、强迫命令的现象，损害了群众利益，进而引起部分农民的不满。在合作化完成后，由于各阶层农民入社前的经济地位不同，入社后增加收入或减少收入的程度不同，他们的思想动态也存在一定的差异，部分富裕农民收入减少，引起了“拉牛退社”风潮。

Abstract:: After the land reform, in order to overcome the shortage of production means of peasants household and develop agricultural production, people’s government launched a campaign taking mutual cooperation as the center in the countryside. At the beginning of the campaign, due to adhere to free from the agency and the principle of voluntary participation and mutual benefit, the cooperation had been gotten these farmers’support who benefited from it. In cooperative climax, due to violation of the principle of voluntary and mutually beneficial, as well as the coercion, some peasants were discontent with it. After the completion of cooperation, due to the difference of the farmers’ class position and the level of income increasing or decreasing, there were some differences in the ideological actions. Because part of the rich peasants’ income reduced, it caused the “pull over” trend.

备注/Memo:: [收稿日期] 2017-05-25
[基金项目] 国家社科基金项目“新中国农地制度变迁与农民经济行为研究（1949—1984）”（16BJL015）；国家社科基金重大招标项目“1950-1956年中国农村经济调查资料收集、整理与研究”(17ZDA035)
[作者简介] 常明明（1974- ），男，经济学博士，贵州财经大学经济学院教授、博士生导师，中国社会科学院农村发展研究所博士后流动站贵州省社会科学院博士后科研工作站博士后，主要研究领域为中国现代经济史。