清水江流域公山管理与经营的生态价值<br />——以碑刻资料为中心的考察-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Ecological Value of the Management and Operation of the Collective Forests in Qingshui River Basin
——Research Mainly Based on Stone Inscriptions

Author(s):: YAN Qi-yan; （School of History and Politics and Karst Ecological Civilization Research Center, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001）

Keywords:: forest inscriptions; the collective forests; joint stock operation; ecological value

摘要:: 清水江流域石质契约文书一般针对集体山林，俗称公契，故清水江流域林业碑刻出现“公山”、“公产”等词。在管理方面，明确公山所有权和管辖范围，公山按股划分土地所有权和林木所有权，公山土地所有权严禁买卖，林木产品严禁私卖，以加强对公山林木资源的保护。在经营方面，为鼓励造林，公山所有权与经营权分离，实行合股经营及林木收益分成，有利于吸收更多的资本、劳动和技术等，发挥公有山林的效益。尽管在私有制时代，集体公有的山林所占比重较小，但碑刻中所涉及到的公山管理，富有地方和民族特色，特别是其中的股份经营与管理充满民间智慧，对于推进集体林权制度的改革和生态文明建设具有重要参考价值。

Abstract:: The stone contract documents of Qingshui River basin were generally aimed at the collective forest, commonly known as Public Contract. Therefore, the words Public Forest and public property appeared in the forest inscription of Qingshui River basin. In terms of management, the ownership and jurisdiction of the Public Forest was clarified, the public forest was divided land ownership and forest ownership by shares, land ownership in the Public Forest was strictly prohibited to sale, the forest products was strictly prohibited to trade without permission, and the forest resources in the Collective forests was protected effectively. In terms of operations, in order to encourage afforestation, ownership and management of public mountain was separated. It was beneficial to absorb more capital, labor and technology and give full play to the benefits of public forests. Although in the era of private ownership, the proportion of collectively-owned mountains and forests was small, the management of the collective forests involved in the inscription, especially the share management, was full of folk wisdom, which was of great reference value to the reform of collective forest right system and the construction of ecological civilization.