“天时”概念和中国农耕哲学-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: SU Jing CAO Shan-ming; 1.School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;2. New Rural Culture Forming and Management Committee，Culture Management Association of China, Beijing 100036

Keywords:: heaven timing; earth profit; harmony between heaven and human; law of nature; agricultural philosophy

摘要:: 以中国传统文化天时地利人和思想为基础，将地球月亮等天体运动所形成的时间周期作为明确的“天时”哲学概念，将地理地物和一般认识的天气气候等形成的区域生态系统定义为新的“地利”哲学概念。指出中国传统农耕实践中“地利”的变化符合“天时”周期节奏的事实，从而明确传统思想中“天时”“地利”之间“地法天”的逻辑关系。所有地球万物均受“天时”的影响，在“天时”和“地利”的共同作用下形成万物生长的自然规律。通过“农时”的成因历史及在古代农耕生产中的作用，确定“农时”与“天时”在概念上的一致，理清了中国农耕哲学体系的基本架构。

Abstract:: Based on the Chinese traditional cultural concept of consistency between heaven timing，earth profit and human harmony, defining the timeperiods of celestial bodies of earth and moon movement with a philosophical concept of "heaven timing",defining a new philosophical concept of "earth profit" for the regional ecological system formed by local geographical features and general knowledge of the weather climate of that region. Pointing out the fact of "earth profit" in sync with "heaven timing" cycle rhythm that taken by the Chinese traditional farming practices, which verifies the traditional thought of "law of the earth following the heaven" with the logical relationship between "heaven timing" and "earth profit". All matters on earth are affected by the "heaven timing", and the natural law of growth is formed under the combined effect of "heaven timing" and "earth profit". The concept consistency between the "agricultural timing" and the "heaven timing" were determined by the history of "agricultural timing" and its role in the agricultural production in ancient times, and the basic structure of Chinese agricultural philosophy system was clarified.