明代南海的对外贸易环境与广东商品性农业爆发的时间-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Foreign Trade Environment on the South China Sea in the Ming Dynasty and Explosion Time of Commercial Agriculture in Guangdong Province

Author(s):: WU Jian-xin; Research Department of Agricultural History South China Agricultural University，Guangzhou 510642

Keywords:: Ming Dynasty; foreign trade environment; South China Sea; explosion time of commercial agriculture; Guangdong Province

摘要:: 文章论述了明代南海对外贸易环境与广东商品性农业爆发的关系。第一部分将明代南海对外贸易环境分为三个阶段，叙述了从海禁时期到隆庆、万历时期的对外贸易环境。并认为隆庆、万历时期的开放海禁为商品性农业的爆发式发展创造了条件。第二部分以嘉靖三十九年成书1的《广东通志》中记载的农业民俗史料为基础，分析了商品性农业发展的不充分性，认为此前阶段是以稻作为主的农业经济结构，但同时珠江三角洲和潮州平原部分地区商品性农业已经起步并有相当程度的发展。第三部分从广东从粮食出口大省变为缺粮大省的时间、人地关系紧张的时间、社会商业风气转折性改变，论证了万历以后商品性农业爆发的相关特征。结论认为以“万历以后”为广东商品性农业“爆发”的时间节点，较为确切。

Abstract:: This thesis, which is composed of three parts, introduces the relationship between foreign trade environment on the South China Sea in the Ming Dynasty and explosion time of commercial agriculture in Guangdong Province. In the first part, foreign trade environment on the South China Sea in the Ming Dynasty is elaborated based on three phases, namely, the period of banning on maritime trade, Longqing Period and Wanli Period. Besides, it is believed that lifting the ban on maritime trade in Longqing Period and Wanli Period created conditions for the explosive development of commercial agriculture. In the second part, in line with agricultural historical materials recorded in Guangdong Annals published in the 39th year of Jiajing Period, it is considered that in the previous stage, the economic structure of agriculture mainly focused on rice cultivation, but in the meantime, commercial agriculture in plain areas had gained considerable development. In the third part, relevant characteristics of the explosion of commercial agriculture after Wanli Period were expounded from the time when Guangdong turned from a major grain export province to a province lack of grain, the time when man-earth relationship was intense and the transitional change of social business atmosphere. Lastly, it is concluded that the explosion time node of commercial agriculture in Guangdong Province is the phase after Wanli Period.