澳洲野狗的起源发展及人狗关系史研究-《中国农史》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Study on Origin and Developmental History of Dingo and Its Relationship with Human Beings

Author(s):: XIAO Lu-na ZHANG Jian; The Historical and Cultural College， Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065

Keywords:: Dingo; indigenous; white European immigrants; agricultural civilization

摘要:: 澳洲野狗是澳洲大陆唯一的大型胎生哺乳动物，也是当地最大的陆地肉食动物。澳洲野狗起源于东亚家犬，在距今约12000至3500年前随早期移民者从婆罗洲（Borneo）和苏拉威西岛（Sulawesi）抵达澳大利亚。随后，它很快融入到了原始土著人的文化、生活及宗教神话层面，充当着同伴、守卫者及精神信仰物等多种角色。但此时澳洲野狗仍保留着较强的野性，并未完全被驯化。1788年，旧大陆家犬随欧洲白人抵达澳洲大陆，早期殖民者将其和澳洲野狗杂交繁殖，培育出了新旧大陆农业文明交流的结晶——澳洲品种狗，但也由此带来了一系列矛盾冲突。人类的过度捕杀及杂交狗的大量出现，造成纯种澳洲野狗的数量急剧下降，濒临灭绝。在此背景下，澳洲野狗的起源、发展及与人类关系史的研究就显得尤为重要，也对研究狗在中国的传播发展有相当大的借鉴意义。

Abstract:: Dingo is the only large-scale viviparous mammal and the largest land carnivore in Australia. Originating from East Asian domestic dog, it was brought to Australia by early immigrants through Borneo and Sulawesi about 12,000 to 3,500 years ago. Soon after their arrival, as the role of companions, guardians and heating, Dingo was quickly embedded into indigenous Australian culture, life and spirituality. But at that time, it still retained a strong wildness and was not completely domesticated yet. In 1788, the old continent domestic dogs arrived in Australian continent with white European immigrants. Those early colonists hybridized them with Dingo, and then, Australian breeds, the crystallization of the old and new continent’s agricultural civilization, came out. However, a series of contradictions and conflicts was generated by the new species later. With overhunting by human beings and the emergence of hybrid dogs, the number of purebred dingo declined sharply and they were even on the verge of extinction. In this context, it is of great significance to study the origin and developmental history of Dingo and its relationship with human being.